發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-06 00:04

  本文選題：亞麻籽 + 延邊黃牛��； 參考：《延邊大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)旨在研究補(bǔ)飼亞麻籽對(duì)延邊黃牛肌內(nèi)共軛脂肪酸構(gòu)成及其相關(guān)基因表達(dá)的影響。分別從亞麻籽對(duì)延邊黃牛生長(zhǎng)性能、血液脂肪酸構(gòu)成與脂代謝相關(guān)生化參數(shù)、屠宰性能、肉品質(zhì)、牛肉中營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分及牛肉中脂肪酸含量影響,以及背最長(zhǎng)肌共軛脂肪酸的構(gòu)成與其相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)關(guān)系等幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究。選取30頭平均體重為(480±15)kg健康的延邊黃牛閹牛,隨機(jī)分為3組,每組10頭,分別為1)對(duì)照組(CON)：育肥期基礎(chǔ)日糧；2)試驗(yàn)1組(WL組)：育肥期基礎(chǔ)日糧+8%整粒亞麻籽；3)試驗(yàn)2組(CL組)：育肥期基礎(chǔ)日糧+8%破碎亞麻籽。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：(1)生長(zhǎng)性能：WL組和CL組的平均日增重分別比對(duì)照組提高了11.34%、12.37%(P0.05),但WL組和CL組之間的平均日增重差異不顯著(P0.05)。WL組和CL組的平均日采食量與對(duì)照組相比分別比提高了11.18%、11.26%(P0.05),WL組和CL組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。WL組和CL組的飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率均比對(duì)照組高,但差異不顯著(P0.05)(2)血液生化指標(biāo)：WL組、CL組的甘油三脂分別比對(duì)照組降低了17.95%(P0.05)、5.13% (P0.05)。 WL組、CL組的高密度脂蛋白均顯著高于對(duì)照組,并分別提高了15.49%(P0.05)、14.79% (P0.05)。 WL組和CL組的膽固醇、低密度脂蛋白均大于對(duì)照組,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。日糧中添加亞麻籽對(duì)延邊黃牛血液中血糖、血清總蛋白、谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶、谷草轉(zhuǎn)氨酶含量也沒(méi)有顯著影響(P0.05)。(3)血液脂肪酸：亞麻籽的添加對(duì)肉牛血液中C14：0、C14：1、C18：0、C18:1n9c、t11C18:1、C18:2n6t、C18:2n6c、t10,c12CLA、C20:2、C22:0、C22:1n9無(wú)顯著影響(P0.05)。WL組肉牛血液中棕櫚酸(C16：0)的含量顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。WL組和CL組肉牛血液中c9,t11CLA、c9,t11,c15-CLnA、 c9,t13,c15-CLnA的含量均極顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.01)。對(duì)于肉牛血液中C18：3的含量,WL組極顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.01),CL組顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05),WL組和CL組之間無(wú)差異性(P0.05)。添加亞麻籽后對(duì)肉牛血液中單不飽和脂肪酸有降低的趨勢(shì),差異不顯著(P0.05)。添加整粒亞麻籽和破碎亞麻籽后,不飽和脂肪酸的含量均高于對(duì)照組,WL組與對(duì)照組之間差異性不顯著(P0.05)(4)牛肉營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分含量：亞麻籽可以顯著提高牛肉中的脂肪,WL組和CL組牛肉中脂肪分別比對(duì)照組提高了12.48%(P0.05)、12.75%(P0.05)。試驗(yàn)組牛肉中蛋白含量均比對(duì)照組高,但WL組與對(duì)照組相比差異不顯著(P0.05)。亞麻籽對(duì)延邊黃牛牛肉中水分、灰分含量無(wú)影響(P0.05)。(5)牛肉品質(zhì)：WL組的剪切力比對(duì)照組顯著降低了3.75%(P0.05),CL組比對(duì)照組降低了1.61%(P0.05),WL組與CL組之間差異性顯著(P0.05)。各試驗(yàn)組間的蒸煮損失差異不顯著(P0.05)。WL組和CL組的肉色優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,亞麻籽對(duì)延邊黃牛牛肉的大理石花紋和脂肪酸無(wú)顯著影響(P0.05)。(6)屠宰性能：補(bǔ)飼亞麻籽后,WL組、CL組的背膘厚均顯著大于對(duì)照組(P0.05),補(bǔ)飼亞麻籽對(duì)延邊黃牛宰前活重、胴體重、屠宰率、眼肌面積無(wú)顯著影響(P0.05)。(7)脂肪酸含量：日糧中添加亞麻籽提高了延邊黃牛皮下脂肪、肌間脂肪、肌內(nèi)脂肪的脂肪酸含量中UFA含量,WL組、CL組肉牛皮下脂肪、肌間脂肪、肌內(nèi)脂肪中的c9,t11CLA、c9,t11,c15-CLnA、c95t13,c15-CLnA均顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05)。提高了皮下脂肪和肌內(nèi)脂肪中t10,c12CLA的含量(8)脂肪酸合成相關(guān)基因表達(dá)量：日糧中添加整粒亞麻籽、破碎亞麻籽后延邊黃牛背最長(zhǎng)肌中SCD1、ACC、FAS的mRNA表達(dá)量下降。WL組和CL組肉牛背最長(zhǎng)肌中SCD1的mRNA表達(dá)量分別比對(duì)照組降低了79.34%、83.75%。WL組和CL組的LPL、PPAR-γ的mRNA表達(dá)量高于對(duì)照組,而且CL組的LPL、PPAR-γ的mRNA表達(dá)量最高。WL組和CL組SREBP1的mRNA表達(dá)量均低于對(duì)照組,CL組的SREBP1的mRNA表達(dá)量最低。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：在延邊黃牛日糧中添加亞麻籽,可顯著提高延邊黃牛的生長(zhǎng)性能、背膘厚；增加血液生化指標(biāo)中HDL-C的濃度,降低TG的濃度,血液中c9,t11CLA、c9,t11,c15-CLnA、c9,t13,c015-CLnA、C18:3的含量均升高,改善了血液脂肪酸的組成；提高延邊黃牛牛肉的肉色和光澤,降低了牛肉的剪切力,使牛肉嫩度升高,增加延邊黃牛的脂肪沉積；提高延邊黃牛皮下脂肪、肌間脂肪、肌內(nèi)脂肪的脂肪酸含量中UFA含量,使延邊黃牛皮下脂肪、肌間脂肪、肌內(nèi)脂肪中的c9,t11CLA、c9,t11,c15-CLnA、c9,t13,c15-ClnA等共軛脂肪酸有所升高；提高延邊黃牛背最長(zhǎng)肌中LPL、PPAR-γ的mRNA表達(dá)量,抑制了SCD1、ACC、 FAS、SREBP1 mRNA的表達(dá)。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effects of fed flax seeds on the formation of conjugated fatty acids and the expression of their associated genes .
2 ) Test 1 group ( WL group ) : basal diet of fattening period + 8 % whole grain flax seed ;
The results showed that : ( 1 ) The average daily gain of WL group and CL group was 11.34 % and 12.37 % ( P0.05 ) , but the average daily gain of WL group and CL group was higher than that in control group ( P0.05 ) . The high density lipoprotein in the WL group and CL group was significantly higher than that in the control group , and increased by 15.49 % ( P0.05 ) and 14.79 % ( P0.05 ) . The levels of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein in WL group and CL group were higher than those in control group , but the difference was not significant ( P0.05 ) . The content of palmitic acid ( C16 : 0 ) in beef blood was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P0.05 ) . The expression of SCD1 mRNA was significantly higher in WL group and CL group than in the control group ( P0.05 ) . The mRNA expression level in the LWL group and CL group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P0.05 ) .
The concentration of HDL - C was increased , the concentration of TG was decreased , c9 , t11CLA , c9 , t13 , c15 - CLnA , c9 , t13 , c015 - CLnA , C18 : 3 in the blood increased , and the composition of blood fatty acid was improved .
improving the meat color and luster of the beef cattle , reducing the shearing force of the beef , increasing the tenderness of the beef , and increasing the fat deposition of the extended yellow cattle ;
The content of UFA in the subcutaneous fat , muscle fat , and fat in the muscles of the cattle was increased , and the conjugated fatty acids such as c9 , t11CLA , c9 , t11 , c15 - CLnA , c9 , t13 , c15 - ClA were increased in the subcutaneous fat , the intramuscular fat and the intramuscular fat .
In order to improve the mRNA expression level in the longest muscle of the longerlongus longum , the expression of the mRNA was inhibited by SCD1 , ACC , FAS , S .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S823.81

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本文編號(hào)：1984024