本文選題：松嫩草地 + 植物群落��； 參考：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,地上植物與地下土壤細(xì)菌群落之間緊密聯(lián)系,植物群落的組成及其結(jié)構(gòu)變化往往也可導(dǎo)致土壤細(xì)菌群落功能的改變。通過(guò)Biolog指紋解析不同植被類型土壤細(xì)菌群落功能差異,可以探討草地植物群落和土壤細(xì)菌群落之間的關(guān)系,明確土壤細(xì)菌功能多樣性對(duì)外界變化條件的敏感程度,在維持草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展上有重要意義。本試驗(yàn)以松嫩放牧草地為研究地點(diǎn),利用Biolog-ECO技術(shù),研究比較了放牧前后不同植物功能群土壤細(xì)菌碳源利用差異。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)通過(guò)植物群落組成對(duì)比分析表明,羊草、禾草、豆科植物和雜類草功能群中,各植物群落植物組成和群落結(jié)構(gòu)具有明顯差異。群落之間的高度、蓋度、密度和地上生物量之間各不相同。羊草功能群中,4個(gè)群落特征指標(biāo)之間均存在顯著差異(P0.05);其中,羊草群落的高度、密度和地上生物量最大,蓋度僅低于拂子茅群落;委陵菜群落的密度最低;蒙古蒿群落的高度、蓋度和地上生物量最低。禾草功能群中,群落間高度、蓋度和地上生物量之間存在顯著差異(P0.05);牛鞭草群落的高度和地上生物量最大,狗尾草群落的蓋度和密度最大。豆科植物功能群中,4個(gè)群落特征指標(biāo)之間均存在顯著差異(P0.05);其中,羊草群落的蓋度、密度和地上生物量最大,胡枝子群落的高度最高。雜類草功能群中,群落間蓋度、密度和地上生物量之間存在顯著差異(P0.05);全葉馬蘭群落的密度和地上生物量最大,堿地膚群落的高度和蓋度最大。與放牧前植物群落進(jìn)行對(duì)比,植物群落特征變化明顯,群落豐富程度略降低。(2)通過(guò)對(duì)不同植物群落土壤細(xì)菌碳源利用情況分析表明,各植物群落土壤細(xì)菌對(duì)碳源的利用情況均隨培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)而升高,土壤細(xì)菌對(duì)碳源利用情況的AWCD值變化曲線各不相同。各植物功能群內(nèi)的植物群落組成發(fā)生變化,土壤細(xì)菌對(duì)碳源的利用程度也不同,但無(wú)明顯規(guī)律性變化。隨著植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)改變,其土壤細(xì)菌對(duì)碳源的利用程度發(fā)生明顯差異,土壤細(xì)菌群落的豐富度與均勻度也發(fā)生一定變化。對(duì)不同碳源的利用上來(lái)看,各植物群落利用碳源的種類與數(shù)量各不相同,放牧后群落土壤細(xì)菌利用碳源的種類和數(shù)量更為廣泛。所有植物群落土壤細(xì)菌均對(duì)糖類和氨基酸這兩大類碳源的利用最好。在土壤理化性質(zhì)方面,同一植物功能群中,不同植物群落間5種土壤理化指標(biāo)各不相同;RDA分析表明,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量對(duì)土壤細(xì)菌碳源利用的影響最大。(3)通過(guò)對(duì)5類植物功能群對(duì)土壤細(xì)菌功能多樣性影響的分析表明:5類植物功能群土壤細(xì)菌碳源利用情況各有差異,羊雜草功能群土壤細(xì)菌碳源利用率最高,豆科植物功能群最低。通過(guò)RDA分析研究影響土壤細(xì)菌群落群落功能多樣性的主要因素,表明土壤中全氮和有機(jī)質(zhì)含量對(duì)土壤細(xì)菌的碳源利用率的影響最大。在對(duì)碳源的利用上,5類植物功能群均對(duì)糖類和氨基酸類碳源有較好的的利用,對(duì)胺類的利用較差;羊雜草和雜類草功能群土壤細(xì)菌對(duì)碳源的利用情況明顯高于其他3類功能群,且利用碳源的種類和數(shù)量最多,土壤細(xì)菌群落的豐富度與均勻度最高。
[Abstract]:In the grassland ecosystem, the aboveground plants are closely related to the bacterial community in the underground soil. The composition and structural changes of the plant community can also lead to the change of the function of the soil bacterial community. The analysis of the functional differences of the bacterial community in different vegetation types by Biolog fingerprint can be used to discuss the grassland plant community and the soil bacterial community. The relationship between the bacterial functional diversity of soil and the sensitivity of the environment to the external changes is of great significance in maintaining the stability and development of the function of the grassland ecosystem. This experiment took the Songnen grazing grassland as the research site, and compared the use of Biolog-ECO technology to the utilization of soil bacteria carbon sources of different plant functional groups before and after grazing. The results showed that: (1) through the comparative analysis of plant community composition, the plant community composition and community structure of Leymus chinensis, grasses, legumes and miscellaneous grass had obvious differences. The height, coverage, density and aboveground biomass among the communities were different. Among the functional groups of Leymus chinensis, 4 characteristics of community characteristics were found. There were significant differences (P0.05). Among them, the height, density and aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis community were the largest, the coverage was only lower than that of the grass community; the density of the community of Potentilla was the lowest; the height, the coverage and the aboveground biomass of the Mongolia Artemisia Artemisia community were the lowest. There were significant differences between the colony height, the coverage and the aboveground biomass in the grass functional group (P0 .05): the height and aboveground biomass of the community is the largest, and the coverage and density of the community are the largest. Among the functional groups of the leguminous plant, there are significant differences between the 4 community characteristics (P0.05). Among them, the coverage, density and aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis community are the highest, and the height of the plant community is the highest. There was a significant difference between the coverage, the density and the aboveground biomass (P0.05); the density and aboveground biomass of the whole leaf Ma Lan community were the largest, the height and coverage of the base skin community were the largest. Compared with the plant community before grazing, the characteristics of the plant community were obviously changed and the community richness decreased slightly. (2) through the carbon source of soil bacteria in different plant communities. The utilization of soil bacteria to carbon sources increased with the prolongation of culture time, and the variation curves of AWCD value of soil bacteria to carbon source were different. The composition of plant community in various plant functional groups changed, and the utilization degree of soil bacteria to carbon sources was also different, but there was no obvious rule. With the change of plant community structure, the utilization degree of soil bacteria to carbon source was obviously different, the abundance and evenness of soil bacterial community also changed. All plant community soil bacteria are best used for the two major carbon sources of carbohydrates and amino acids. In the physical and chemical properties of the soil, 5 kinds of soil physical and chemical indexes are different among the same plant functional groups, and the RDA analysis shows that the organic content has the most influence on the utilization of soil bacterial carbon sources. (3) (3) through the analysis of the effects of 5 kinds of plant functional groups on the functional diversity of soil bacteria, the results showed that the utilization of soil bacteria carbon sources in 5 kinds of plant functional groups was different, the utilization rate of soil bacteria carbon source in the sheep weeds functional group was the highest, and the functional group of leguminous plants was the lowest. The functional diversity of soil bacteria community community was influenced by RDA analysis. The main factors were that the total nitrogen and organic matter content in the soil had the greatest impact on the carbon source utilization of soil bacteria. In the use of carbon sources, the 5 types of plant functional groups had better utilization of carbohydrates and amino acids, poor utilization of amines and the use of soil bacteria of sheep weeds and hetero grass functional groups to carbon sources. Compared with the other 3 functional groups, the richness and evenness of the soil bacterial community were the highest.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S812.2

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