本文選題：食糞行為 + 腸道菌群　； 參考：《四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：中小型草食性動物由于具有較高的代謝率和較小的消化道容積,食物在消化道的平均滯留時間較短,然而食物發(fā)酵所需要的時間遠比食物的滯留時間要長。在長期的適應性進化過程中,中小型草食性動物從生理、行為等方面進化出了多種有效機制來提高其消化率,如結(jié)腸分離機制和食糞行為。食軟糞行為是食糞行為的一種特殊形式。食軟糞行為對中小型草食性動物的營養(yǎng)作用己被廣泛研究。然而,軟糞中除了含有較高的營養(yǎng)成分外,菌群含量也較硬糞高。食軟糞行為是否有助于草食性動物腸道菌群的建立以及食軟糞行為對草食性動物的促生長作用是否調(diào)節(jié)腸道菌群組成來實現(xiàn),這些科學問題仍懸而未決。為了探究這一科學問題,我們以最具食軟糞行為代表性的兔形目中的一個物種--獺兔作為模式動物。首先,我們選擇10只高體重獺兔和10只低體重獺兔,分別采集其軟糞和硬糞,針對16s rRNA的V4高變區(qū)利用Illumina MeSiq平臺進行測序,探究了軟糞和硬糞菌群組成差異以及體重不同的獺兔腸道菌群組成差異。隨后,我們利用自行設計的禁食糞圈和食糞圈,探究了食軟糞行為對獺兔腸道菌群和生長發(fā)育的影響。我們選擇了 111只健康的40日齡斷奶獺兔,將其隨機分配成3組:戴禁食糞圈禁止食糞組(CP組,n=39)、戴食糞圈允許食糞組(CA組,n=38)、不戴圈空白組(CON組,n=34)。我們分別稱量獺兔在40d、49d、56d、63d、70d、84d和98d的體重,并采集其糞便進行高通量測序。我們的研究結(jié)果如下:(1)軟糞和硬糞菌群結(jié)構(gòu)與組成存在差異,軟糞含有較高水平的瘤胃菌科(Ruminococcaceae)、梭菌目(Clostridiales)矛口Adlercreutzia;(2)高體重獺兔和低體重獺兔腸道菌群也存在差異:與低體重獺兔硬糞相比,高體重獺兔硬類含有較高水平的乳球菌(Lactococcus)、乳酸菌(Lactobacillus)等;與低體重獺兔軟糞比,高體重獺兔軟糞含有較高水平的兄F32和α-變形菌（Alphaproteobacteria);(3)食糞組獺兔體重顯著高于禁食糞組;(4)禁食糞后,獺兔腸道菌群組成發(fā)生明顯改變:Blautia和真細菌(Eubacterium)含量增加,RF39目和Barnesiellaceae含量降低;(5)食糞行為對雌性瀨兔和雄性獺兔腸道菌群的影響存在差異,對雌性獺兔影響更大。食糞行為對雌性獺兔影響最大的是梭菌目(Clostridiales)和擬桿菌屬(Bacteroides);對雄性獺兔影響最大的是RF3外目和Blautia;(6)食糞組獺兔腸道中富含的RF39目、梭菌目(ClosCri價iales)和瘤胃菌科(Ruminococcaceae)與獺兔的體重呈正相關(guān);(7)PICRUSt預測結(jié)果顯示,食糞組雌性獺兔增加了對營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的代謝和免疫系統(tǒng)及消化系統(tǒng)通路水平;食糞組雄性獺兔增加了循環(huán)系統(tǒng)通路水平;同時食糞組雌性獺兔和雄性獺兔對有毒有害物質(zhì)的降解水平較高。總的來說,我們的研究結(jié)果表明:食軟糞行為能夠調(diào)節(jié)腸道菌群穩(wěn)態(tài),并有可能通過調(diào)節(jié)腸道菌群來促進獺兔生長和健康。
[Abstract]:Due to the high metabolic rate and small digestive tract volume of small and medium-sized herbivores, the average residence time of food in the digestive tract is shorter, but the time of food fermentation is much longer than that of food. In the long-term adaptive evolution process, small and medium-sized herbivores have evolved a variety of physiological, behavioral and other effective mechanisms to improve their digestibility, such as colon separation mechanism and fece-eating behavior. Soft fecal eating behavior is a special form of fecal eating behavior. The nutritional effects of soft fecal feeding on small and medium herbivorous animals have been widely studied. However, in addition to higher nutrient content, the microflora content in soft feces is also higher than that in hard feces. Whether the soft fecal feeding behavior contributes to the establishment of intestinal flora of herbivorous animals and whether the promoting effect of soft fecal feeding behavior on the growth of herbivorous animals can regulate the composition of intestinal flora remains unanswered. In order to explore this scientific problem, we take the rex rabbit, one of the most representative species of the order Rabbit, which has the most representative behavior of eating soft feces, as a model animal. Firstly, we selected 10 high-weight rex rabbits and 10 low-weight rex rabbits, collected their soft and hard feces, and sequenced the V4 hypervariable region of 16s rRNA using Illumina MeSiq platform. The differences of composition between soft feces and hard feces and intestinal flora of rex rabbits with different body weight were investigated. Then, we studied the effects of soft fecal feeding behavior on intestinal flora and growth of Rex rabbits by using the self-designed fasting and fecal cycle. We selected 111 healthy 40-day-old weaned rex rabbits and divided them into 3 groups at random: no feeding fecal circle forbidding dung feeding group (CP) group (n ~ (39), dung feeding ring (CA) group (CA) group (n ~ (38), and no "ring" blank group (n ~ (3) (n ~ (3) group (n ~ (34). We measured the body weight of rex rabbits at 40d ~ 49d ~ 56d ~ (63) d ~ (70) d ~ (84) d and ~ (98) d, respectively, and collected their feces for high-throughput sequencing. Our results are as follows: (1) the structure and composition of soft feces and hard faeces are different. Soft feces contained higher levels of Ruminococcaceaeae (Clostridial diales2) spears (Adlercreutziae) and high weight Rex rabbits and low body weight Rex rabbits. Compared with low body weight Rex rabbits, the higher levels of Lactococcus lactococcus and Lactobacillus were found in high body weight Rex rabbits compared with low body weight Rex rabbits. Compared with low-weight rex rabbits, the soft feces of high-weight rex rabbits contained higher levels of F32 and Alphaproteobacteria amurensis than those of low-weight rex rabbits. The body weight of rex rabbits in defecal-eating group was significantly higher than that in non-diet faecal group (4) after fasting feces, the body weight of rex rabbits was significantly higher than that of low-weight rex rabbits. The composition of intestinal microflora of Rex rabbits was obviously changed. The contents of 1: Blautia and Eubacterium1) increased RF39 and decreased the content of Barnesiellaceae.) the effect of fecal feeding behavior on intestinal flora of female and male Rex rabbits was different, and the effect on female Rex rabbits was greater than that on female Rex rabbits. The effect of fecal eating behavior on female Rex rabbits was the greatest in Clostridiales and Bacteroidesus, and on male Rex rabbits in RF3 and Blautia (6) the RF39 order in the intestinal tract of faecal rex rabbits was the most significant. ClosCri value of Clostridium) and Ruminococcaceaes were positively correlated with the body weight of rex rabbits. The predicted results showed that the metabolism of nutrients and the level of immune system and digestive system pathway were increased in female rex rabbits in fecal feeding group. The level of circulatory pathway was increased in male Rex rabbits and the degradation level of toxic and harmful substances was higher in female Rex rabbits and male Rex rabbits. In general, our results show that soft fecal feeding can regulate the homeostasis of intestinal flora, and it is possible to promote the growth and health of Rex rabbits by regulating the intestinal flora.
【學位授予單位】：四川農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S829.1

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