本文選題：辣木 + 苜蓿��； 參考：《東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：辣木是一種熱帶、亞熱帶速生植物,具有較高的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值,在我國(guó)南方已實(shí)現(xiàn)規(guī)�；N植,但在國(guó)內(nèi)畜牧行業(yè)應(yīng)用較少。本課題旨在比較辣木與其他3種常用粗飼料營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值,并探討辣木替代部分苜蓿添加到日糧中對(duì)奶牛飼喂效果。試驗(yàn)一:辣木葉梗與3種常用粗飼料常規(guī)營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的比較本試驗(yàn)通過常規(guī)試驗(yàn)分析,測(cè)定辣木葉、辣木梗、苜蓿、羊草和玉米青貯的化學(xué)成分并計(jì)算出相應(yīng)的相對(duì)飼用價(jià)值(relative feed value,RFV)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:不同粗飼料的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值存在顯著差異(P0.05);辣木葉的營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平相對(duì)較高,蛋白(crude protein,CP)含量高于苜蓿、羊草、玉米青貯和辣木梗;辣木梗和羊草的中性洗滌纖維(neutral detergent fiber,NDF)含量顯著高于其他3種飼料;辣木葉和苜蓿的RFV較高,顯著高于其他三種粗飼料(P0.05),辣木梗RFV最低,與羊草相當(dāng)。試驗(yàn)二:5種常用粗飼料對(duì)體外發(fā)酵參數(shù)及微生物菌群的影響本試驗(yàn)采用體外產(chǎn)氣法對(duì)辣木葉、辣木梗、苜蓿、羊草和玉米青貯5種粗飼料的體外發(fā)酵參數(shù)和微生物菌群的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:辣木葉、苜蓿和玉米青貯的產(chǎn)氣量顯著高于其他2種粗飼料(P0.05);5種飼料的發(fā)酵液pH根據(jù)飼料的不同,由高到低為辣木梗羊草辣木葉和苜蓿玉米青貯,其中辣木葉和苜蓿差異不顯著,其余兩兩之間差異顯著(P0.05);5種飼料的發(fā)酵液中氨態(tài)氮含量除辣木梗和玉米青貯差異不顯著,其余兩兩之間差異顯著,發(fā)酵液中氨態(tài)氮(NH3-N)含量由高到低為辣木葉苜蓿玉米青貯和辣木梗羊草;由揮發(fā)酸的組成可知,5種飼料間各揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acids,VFA)的產(chǎn)生量相差很大,辣木葉顯著高于羊草和辣木梗(P0.05),但與苜蓿和玉米青貯差異不顯著。試驗(yàn)三:比較5種常用粗飼料的瘤胃降解特性試驗(yàn)選用3頭體重600kg左右裝有永久性瘤胃瘺管健康的荷斯坦奶牛,采用尼龍袋法研究5種粗飼料的干物質(zhì)(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)和中性洗滌纖維(NDF)的瘤胃降解特性。結(jié)果表明:苜蓿的DM降解率在各個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)均高于辣木葉和辣木梗,24 h之后與辣木葉的DM降解率差距變小;辣木梗的DM瘤胃降解率在各個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)顯著低于其他四種飼料(P0.05);苜蓿、辣木葉和玉米青貯的DM有效降解率均大于60%,都極顯著高于辣木梗和羊草(P0.01);瘤胃降解12 h后,辣木葉的CP降解率快速升高,且顯著高于苜蓿及辣木梗(P0.05);辣木葉、苜蓿、玉米青貯CP有效降解率較高,羊草和辣木梗的CP有效降解率差別不大;辣木葉和苜蓿的NDF有效降解率顯著高于其他3種粗飼料,辣木梗的NDF含量較高但較難被瘤胃微生物利用。試驗(yàn)四:辣木替代50%苜蓿對(duì)奶牛表觀消化率和生產(chǎn)性能的影響試驗(yàn)采用反轉(zhuǎn)試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),選取8頭健康的荷斯坦奶牛,4頭一組,分為A組為對(duì)照組(飼喂基礎(chǔ)日糧),B組為試驗(yàn)組(飼喂用辣木梗葉飼料替換基礎(chǔ)日糧中50%苜蓿的日糧)。結(jié)果表明:飼喂辣木替代苜蓿的B組顯著提高了采食量和乳蛋白產(chǎn)量(P0.05),有提升乳產(chǎn)量的趨勢(shì)(0.05≤P0.10);處理B組和A組在瘤胃發(fā)酵參數(shù)上無顯著差異;飼喂辣木的處理組B瘤胃液中含有較多的普雷沃氏菌,顯著高于處理組A(P0.05),其他菌群差異不明顯;處理組B的酸性洗滌纖維(acid detergent fiber,ADF)表觀消化率顯著高于處理組A(P0.05),NDF表觀消化率較處理A組有升高的趨勢(shì)(0.05≤P0.10),DM和CP表觀消化率無顯著差異。綜上所述,本研究可以得出以下結(jié)論:(1)辣木有較高的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值,其中辣木葉含有較高的蛋白,有較高的有效降解率,其相對(duì)飼用價(jià)值高于苜蓿干草,辣木梗的相對(duì)飼用價(jià)值與羊草相當(dāng)。(2)使用辣木替代50%苜蓿飼喂奶牛,可提高奶牛的生產(chǎn)性能,并對(duì)奶牛的瘤胃發(fā)酵和飼料營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的全表觀消化率無不利影響。
[Abstract]:Horseradish is a tropical, subtropical fast-growing plant with high nutritional value. It has been widely cultivated in the south of China, but it is less used in domestic animal husbandry. This topic aims to compare the nutritive value of horseradish and other 3 kinds of common forage, and to explore the feeding effect of horseradish substitute alfalfa to diet. The comparison of the common nutritive components of horseradish leaf stem and 3 kinds of common roughage was compared with the routine test. The chemical constituents of the leaves, horseradish stems, alfalfa, Leymus chinensis and corn silage were determined by routine test and the corresponding relative feeding value (relative feed value, RFV) was calculated. The results showed that there were significant differences in the nutritional value of different roughages (P 0.05): the nutrition level of hot wood leaves is relatively high, the content of protein (crude protein, CP) is higher than alfalfa, Leymus chinensis, corn silage and horseradish stalk; the neutral detergent fiber (neutral detergent fiber, NDF) of horseradish stem and Leymus chinensis (neutral detergent fiber, NDF) is significantly higher than the other 3 kinds of feed; the RFV of horseradish leaves and alfalfa is higher, significantly higher than the other three kinds of coarse fodder (P0.05), horseradish The lowest RFV was the same as Leymus chinensis. Experiment two: the effect of 5 kinds of common roughage on in vitro fermentation parameters and microbial flora. The experiment adopted in vitro fermentation parameters and microbial flora of 5 kinds of coarse fodder of spicy wood, horseradish stalk, alfalfa, Leymus chinensis and corn silage. The results showed: hot wood, alfalfa and corn silage. The amount of gas production was significantly higher than that of the other 2 kinds of coarse feed (P0.05), and the pH of the fermentation broth of the 5 feedstuffs, from high to low, was from high to low to horseradish leaves and alfalfa silage, of which there was no significant difference between the spicy leaves and alfalfa, and the other 22 was significant (P0.05); the ammonia nitrogen content in the 5 feed fermentation broth was in addition to the horseradish stalks and corn. The difference was not significant in the silage, and the difference between the other 22 was significant. The content of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in the fermentation broth was from high to low to alfalfa corn silage and horseradish erymus chinensis. The volatile fatty acids (volatile fatty acids, VFA) in the 5 kinds of feed were very different, and the spicy leaves were significantly higher than the Leymus chinensis and the horseradish wood. P0.05, but not significantly different from alfalfa and corn silage. Test three: the rumen degradation characteristics of 5 common roughages were compared with 3 head weight 600kg Holstein cows with permanent rumen fistula health. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were studied by nylon bag method. The results showed that the DM degradation rate of alfalfa was higher than that of hot wood and horseradish stalk at all time points, and the difference of DM degradation rate between 24 h and hot wood leaves was smaller, and the degradation rate of DM rumen was significantly lower than that of other four kinds of feed (P0.05) at all time points, and the effective degradation rate of alfalfa, spicy wood and corn silage was greater than 60%. Significantly higher than the horseradish stem and Leymus chinensis (P0.01), after the rumen degradation 12 h, the CP degradation rate of the hot wood leaves increased rapidly, and was significantly higher than the alfalfa and the horseradish stalks (P0.05); the effective degradation rate of the spicy wood, alfalfa and corn silage CP was higher, and the effective degradation rate of the CP in Leymus chinensis and horseradish stems had little difference, and the effective degradation rate of NDF in the spicy wood and alfalfa was significantly higher than that of the other 3. The NDF content of crude forage and horseradish stalk is higher but more difficult to be used by rumen microbes. Experiment four: the effect of 50% Alfalfa on the apparent digestibility and production performance of dairy cows was designed, 8 Holstein cows were selected and 4 were selected as the control group (fed base diet), and the B group was used as the test group. The results showed that the feed intake and milk protein yield (P0.05) were significantly increased in the B group fed with spice trees instead of Alfalfa (0.05 < P0.10), and there was no significant difference in the rumen fermentation parameters between the B and A groups, and the B tumor feeding group fed on the horseradish plants contained more than those in the A group. More Poulet Was bacteria, significantly higher than the treatment group A (P0.05), other bacteria group differences are not obvious; the treatment group B acid washing fiber (acid detergent fiber, ADF) apparent digestibility is significantly higher than the treatment group A (P0.05), NDF apparent digestibility is higher than the A group (0.05 < < < P0.10), there is no significant difference between the apparent digestibility and the apparent digestibility. The following conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) horseradish has higher nutritional value, among which hot wood leaves contain high protein and high effective degradation rate, its relative feeding value is higher than alfalfa hay, and the relative feeding value of horseradish stems is equal to that of Leymus chinensis. (2) the production performance of dairy cows can be improved by feeding 50% alfalfa by spice trees. Rumen fermentation of dairy cows and total apparent digestibility of feed nutrients had no adverse effects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S823.5

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