本文選題：乳房炎 + 乳區(qū)溫度　； 參考：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文由四個試驗組成,試驗一研究了擠奶前后奶牛后乳區(qū)皮膚溫度的變化規(guī)律及其影響因素,確定了采集奶牛乳區(qū)紅外熱圖像的適合時間點;試驗二研究了奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚溫度的日變化規(guī)律及環(huán)境溫度對乳區(qū)皮膚溫度的影響。試驗三研究了季節(jié)和奶牛胎次對乳區(qū)皮膚溫度的影響;試驗四通過研究乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度和最大溫度與牛乳體細胞數(shù)的關(guān)系,確定了乳區(qū)皮膚最大溫度作為檢測乳房炎乳區(qū)溫度變化的敏感溫度指標(biāo);提出了應(yīng)用左右乳區(qū)溫度差值檢測隱性乳房炎乳區(qū)的方法,并檢驗了此方法檢測隱性乳房炎的準(zhǔn)確性。試驗一研究了擠奶前后奶牛左后乳區(qū)和右后乳區(qū)皮膚溫度的變化規(guī)律及其影響因素。試驗期間,分別于擠奶前15~30 min和擠奶后25~40 min采集102頭健康中國荷斯坦奶牛的左后乳區(qū)和右后乳區(qū)的紅外熱圖像,并記錄產(chǎn)奶量和擠奶廳及牛舍的環(huán)境溫濕度。應(yīng)用紅外熱圖像分析軟件對乳區(qū)紅外熱圖像進行分析,選擇乳頭基部上方5 cm的位置為圓心劃圓,得到圓域內(nèi)的平均溫度和最大溫度,分別作為乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度和最大溫度指標(biāo)。試驗結(jié)果表明,無論擠奶之前還是擠奶之后,健康奶牛左后乳區(qū)和右后乳區(qū)皮膚溫度之間差異不顯著(P0.05),左右乳區(qū)溫度呈對稱分布的特征。無論左后乳區(qū)還是右后乳區(qū),擠奶后的乳區(qū)皮膚溫度比擠奶前的乳區(qū)皮膚溫度顯著升高1.0℃以上(P0.05)。產(chǎn)奶量與擠奶后的奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚溫度具有正相關(guān)關(guān)系,與擠奶前的奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚溫度無相關(guān)性。產(chǎn)奶量水平對擠奶前的奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚溫度沒有顯著影響(P0.05),但是隨著產(chǎn)奶量的增加,乳區(qū)皮膚溫度有升高的趨勢;產(chǎn)奶量水平對擠奶后的奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚溫度具有顯著影響(P0.05),具有較高產(chǎn)奶量水平的奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚溫度比具有較低產(chǎn)奶量水平的奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚溫度高1.0℃以上(P0.05)。試驗二研究了奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚溫度的日變化規(guī)律和環(huán)境溫度對奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度和最大溫度的影響。于2014年8月13日~8月18日,連續(xù)六天采集25頭健康中國荷斯坦奶牛的左后乳區(qū)和右后乳區(qū)的紅外熱圖像,每天分別于上午、下午和晚上擠奶之前至少20 min在擠奶廳進行乳區(qū)紅外熱圖像采集。應(yīng)用紅外熱圖像分析軟件對乳區(qū)紅外熱圖像進行分析,選擇乳頭基部上方5 cm的位置為圓心劃圓,得到圓域內(nèi)的平均溫度和最大溫度,分別作為乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度和最大溫度指標(biāo)。試驗結(jié)果表明,不同擠奶時間點間奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度、最大溫度具有顯著差異,下午和晚上擠奶時乳區(qū)皮膚溫度顯著高于上午擠奶時的乳區(qū)皮膚溫度,下午和晚上擠奶時的乳區(qū)皮膚溫度之間差異不顯著。環(huán)境溫度對奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度、最大溫度具有顯著影響,乳區(qū)皮膚溫度隨著環(huán)境溫度的升高而升高。試驗三研究了季節(jié)和奶牛胎次及其二者的交互作用對乳區(qū)皮膚溫度的影響。試驗期間,分別于春、夏、秋、冬四個季節(jié)典型氣候條件下,采集處于不同胎次的健康中國荷斯坦奶牛的左后和右后乳區(qū)的紅外熱圖像,并進行乳區(qū)皮膚溫度測定,共測定了2636頭奶牛。采樣過程中,均在上午擠奶前采集乳區(qū)紅外熱圖像,并同時記錄牛舍的環(huán)境溫濕度。應(yīng)用紅外熱圖像分析軟件對乳區(qū)紅外熱圖像進行分析,選擇乳頭基部上方5 cm的位置為圓心劃圓,測定得到乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度和最大溫度。試驗結(jié)果表明,不同季節(jié)條件下,奶牛左后乳區(qū)和右后乳區(qū)皮膚溫度之間差異不顯著(P0.05),左右乳區(qū)皮膚溫度呈對稱分布的特征。季節(jié)和胎次及其二者的交互作用對乳區(qū)皮膚溫度具有顯著影響(P0.05)。從冬季、秋季、春季到夏季,乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度依次顯著升高(P0.05),乳區(qū)皮膚最大溫度也呈現(xiàn)相似的變化趨勢,但升高的幅度相對較小。在春季、夏季和秋季,1胎次奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度及最大溫度最高;在冬季,3胎次奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度及最大溫度最高。試驗四研究了乳區(qū)皮膚溫度與牛乳體細胞數(shù)的關(guān)系及應(yīng)用左右溫度差值檢測隱性乳房炎乳區(qū)的可行性。于上午擠奶之前在擠奶廳采集了77頭中國荷斯坦奶牛的左后乳區(qū)和右后乳區(qū)的紅外熱圖像,用于乳區(qū)皮膚溫度的測定,并同時采集對應(yīng)乳區(qū)的50 mL牛奶樣品進行牛乳體細胞數(shù)的測定。應(yīng)用紅外熱圖像軟件分析乳區(qū)紅外熱圖像,選擇乳頭基部上方5 cm的位置為圓心,計算得到圓域內(nèi)的平均溫度和最大溫度,分別作為乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度和最大溫度指標(biāo)。試驗結(jié)果顯示:體細胞數(shù)高于50萬/mL組的奶牛乳區(qū)平均溫度比體細胞數(shù)低于50萬/mL組的奶牛乳區(qū)高1.53℃,體細胞數(shù)30~50萬/mL組的奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚最大溫度比體細胞數(shù)小于30萬/mL組的奶牛乳區(qū)高1.02℃。乳區(qū)皮膚最大溫度與牛乳體細胞數(shù)之間具有強相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=0.64),而乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度與體細胞數(shù)之間具有弱相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=0.36)。對于體細胞數(shù)(Somatic Cell Count,SCC)小于30萬/mL的乳區(qū)而言,乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度及最大溫度與牛乳體細胞數(shù)之間無相關(guān)關(guān)系;對于SCC30萬/mL的乳區(qū)而言,乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度與SCC具有弱相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=0.39),乳區(qū)皮膚最大溫度與SCC具有強相關(guān)關(guān)系(r=0.75)。結(jié)果表明,在SCC30萬/mL時,應(yīng)用IRT可以檢測到乳區(qū)皮膚最大溫度升高1.02℃;在SCC50萬/mL時,應(yīng)用IRT可以檢測到乳區(qū)皮膚平均溫度升高1.53℃。因此為了在牛乳體細胞數(shù)升高的情況下,及早檢測到乳區(qū)皮膚溫度的升高,選擇乳區(qū)皮膚最大溫度作為檢測隱性乳房炎的溫度指標(biāo)具有較高的靈敏度。以SCC30萬/mL作為判斷隱性乳房炎的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),試驗?zāi)膛９灿?9個乳區(qū)發(fā)生隱性乳房炎,以左右乳區(qū)溫度差值超過1.0℃作為檢測隱性乳房炎的方法,可以檢出23個隱性乳房炎乳區(qū),檢出率為58.97%,漏檢率為41.03%,誤診率為0。對于單側(cè)乳區(qū)發(fā)生乳房炎的奶牛的檢出率為90.48%,對于兩側(cè)均發(fā)生乳房炎的奶牛的檢出率為44.44%。結(jié)論:產(chǎn)奶量對擠奶之后的奶牛乳區(qū)皮膚溫度具有顯著影響,而且擠奶之后的乳區(qū)皮膚溫度隨著產(chǎn)奶量的增加而升高,因此為了減少產(chǎn)奶量對乳區(qū)皮膚溫度的影響,準(zhǔn)確檢測到乳腺炎癥反應(yīng)引起的乳區(qū)皮膚溫度的升高,應(yīng)該在擠奶之前采集奶牛乳區(qū)紅外熱圖像,進行乳區(qū)皮膚溫度測定。季節(jié)和奶牛胎次及其二者的交互作用對乳區(qū)皮膚溫度具有顯著影響,因此在建立奶牛乳區(qū)溫度閾值及預(yù)測乳區(qū)皮膚溫度時,需要考慮季節(jié)和奶牛胎次的影響。健康奶牛左后乳區(qū)和右后乳區(qū)皮膚溫度之間差異不顯著,左右乳區(qū)皮膚溫度呈對稱分布特征,左右乳區(qū)皮膚溫度溫差不受日節(jié)律、環(huán)境溫度及奶牛生理因素的影響,且左右乳區(qū)溫度溫差絕對值小于1.0℃,通過比較左右乳區(qū)皮膚溫度溫差可以檢測出乳區(qū)溫度升高一側(cè)的乳區(qū),以此可以判斷該側(cè)乳區(qū)發(fā)炎。
[Abstract]:This paper consists of four experiments. The experiment first studied the changes in the skin temperature of the dairy cows after milking and the influencing factors, and determined the appropriate time points for the infrared thermal images of dairy cows. Two the daily changes of the skin temperature in dairy cows and the influence of the ambient temperature on the skin temperature of the dairy area were studied. The experiment three The effect of season and cow parity on the skin temperature of milk region was studied. In Experiment four, the relationship between the average temperature and the maximum temperature of the milk area and the number of milk body cells was studied. The maximum temperature of the skin in the dairy area was determined as the sensitive temperature index of the temperature change in the milk region of the mastitis. The method of milk area of mastitis was used to test the accuracy of the detection of recessive mastitis. On the one hand, the changes of skin temperature in the left posterior and right posterior dairy areas of dairy cows were studied and the influence factors were studied. During the experiment, 102 healthy Chinese Holstein cows were collected at 15~30 min before milking and after milking, respectively. The infrared thermal image of milk region and right back milk region was recorded, and the temperature and humidity of milk production and milking hall and cow house were recorded. Infrared thermal image of milk region was analyzed by infrared thermal image analysis software. The location of 5 cm above the base of the nipple was round, and the average temperature and maximum temperature in the circle area were obtained, respectively, as the average skin of the dairy area. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the skin temperature between the left posterior and right posterior dairy areas of healthy dairy cows, no matter before milking or after milking, and the temperature of the left and right dairy areas had a symmetrical distribution. The skin temperature in the dairy area after milking was better than the milk area before milking, no matter in the left posterior or right back milk region. The skin temperature increased significantly above 1 degrees (P0.05). The milk yield was positively correlated with the skin temperature of dairy cow area after milking, and there was no correlation with the skin temperature of dairy cows before milking. Milk production level had no significant effect on the skin temperature of dairy cows before milking (P0.05), but with the increase of milk production, the skin temperature of dairy area was increased. The level of milk production has a significant effect on the skin temperature of dairy cow area after milking (P0.05). The skin temperature of dairy cows with high milk production level is higher than that of dairy cows with lower milk production level by 1 degrees centigrade (P0.05). Test two studies the daily changes of skin temperature and environmental temperature in dairy cows. The influence of degree on the average temperature and maximum temperature of the skin of dairy cows. On the 18 ~8 month of August 13, 2014, the infrared thermal images of 25 healthy Chinese Holstein cows in the left posterior and right back milk regions were collected for six days. The infrared thermal image of the milk region was collected at least 20 min in the milking hall in the morning, afternoon and evening milking, respectively. Infrared thermal image analysis software was used to analyze the infrared thermal image of the milk region. The 5 cm position above the base of the nipple was selected as the circle of the center. The average temperature and maximum temperature in the circle area were obtained as the average temperature and maximum temperature of the skin in the milk region. The results showed that the average temperature of the skin of dairy cows in different milking time points was different. In the afternoon and evening milking, the skin temperature of the dairy area was significantly higher than the milking skin temperature in the morning and the milking in the morning, and there was no significant difference in the skin temperature between the milking area and the milking area in the afternoon and evening. The effects of the interaction between the seasons and the cows' parity and their two groups on the skin temperature of the dairy area were studied in experiment three. During the test, the infrared thermal images of the left behind and right back milk regions of the healthy Chinese Holstein cows at different parity were collected under the typical climatic conditions in the four seasons of spring, summer, autumn and winter. A total of 2636 cows were measured in the milk area. During the sampling process, infrared thermal images were collected before milking in the morning, and the ambient temperature and humidity of the cows were recorded at the same time. Infrared thermal image analysis software was used to analyze the infrared thermal image of the milk region. The location of 5 cm above the base of the nipple was chosen as the circle of the center of the center. The average temperature and maximum temperature of the skin were found. The results showed that there was no significant difference in skin temperature between the left rear milk region and the right posterior milk region in different seasons (P0.05), and the skin temperature in the left and right dairy areas was symmetrical. The interaction of the seasons and parity and the two groups had a significant effect on the skin temperature of the dairy region (P0.05). In autumn, from spring to summer, the average skin temperature in the dairy region increased significantly (P0.05), and the maximum skin temperature in the milk region also showed a similar trend, but the increase was relatively small. In spring, summer and autumn, the average temperature and maximum temperature of the skin of the 1 milking cows were the highest. In winter, the average temperature of the skin in the dairy area of the 3 parity cows and the most was the most. The relationship between the skin temperature of the dairy area and the number of milk body cells and the feasibility of using the difference between the left and right temperature differences to detect the milk region of the occult mastitis were studied in Experiment four. The red external heat images of 77 Chinese Holstein cows in the left back and right back milk areas were collected in the milking hall before milking, and used for the measurement of the skin temperature in the milk region. At the same time, 50 mL milk samples of the corresponding milk region were collected to determine the number of milk body cells. Infrared thermal images were used to analyze the infrared thermal image in the milk region. The 5 cm position above the base of the nipple was selected as the center. The average temperature and maximum temperature in the circle area were calculated, and the average temperature and maximum temperature of the skin were measured respectively. The results showed that the average temperature of the milk region of the dairy cows with body cell number higher than that of the 500 thousand /mL group was 1.53 degrees centigrade higher than that of the cow's milk area of the 500 thousand /mL group. The maximum skin temperature of the dairy area of the milk region of the somatic cell number 30~50 million /mL was 1.02 degrees higher than the milk area of the cow with the number of body cells less than the group of the body less than the group of 300 thousand /mL. The maximum skin temperature of the milk region and the number of milk body cells were between the milk region. There is a strong correlation (r=0.64), but there is a weak correlation between the average temperature of the skin and the number of somatic cells (r=0.36). There is no correlation between the average temperature and the maximum temperature of the skin in the milk region of Somatic Cell Count, SCC and less than 300 thousand /mL; for SCC30 million /mL milk region, milk region is not related to the milk region. The average skin temperature of the region has a weak correlation with SCC (r=0.39), and the maximum skin temperature in the dairy region has a strong correlation with SCC (r=0.75). The results show that the maximum temperature of the skin can be detected by IRT at SCC30 10000 /mL, and the maximum temperature of the skin can be increased by 1.02 degrees C, and the average temperature of the skin in the milk region can be detected by IRT at SCC50 10000 /mL, so that the average temperature of the skin area can be detected by 1.53. In the case of the increase of the number of cow's body cells, the increase of the skin temperature of the milk region was detected early. The maximum temperature of the skin of the milk region was selected as the temperature index for detecting the recessive mastitis. The standard of SCC30 ten thousand /mL was used as the criterion to judge the recessive mastitis. There were 39 recessive mastitis in the dairy area, and the milk was left and right. As a method of detecting recessive mastitis, 23 recessive mastitis areas could be detected, the detection rate was 58.97%, the rate of misdiagnosis was 41.03%, the rate of misdiagnosis rate was 0. for dairy cows in unilateral milk region, the detection rate of dairy cows on both sides was 44.44%.: milk production was 44.44%. After milking, the skin temperature of the dairy area has a significant influence, and the skin temperature after milking increases with the increase of milk production, so in order to reduce the effect of milk production on the skin temperature in the dairy area, the accurate detection of the increase of the skin temperature in the dairy area caused by the breast inflammation reaction should be taken to collect milk area before milking. The temperature of the dairy area and the interaction between the two and the seasons and the cows were significantly affected by the infrared thermal image. Therefore, the influence of the season and the cow parity should be taken into consideration when establishing the temperature threshold of the dairy region and the prediction of the skin temperature in the dairy area. There is no significant difference between the skin temperature and the skin temperature in the left and right regions. The temperature difference of the skin temperature in the left and right regions is not affected by the diurnal rhythm, the environment temperature and the dairy physiological factors, and the absolute value of the temperature temperature difference in the left and right dairy areas is less than 1. It can be used to judge the inflammation in the side of the breast.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823;S858.23

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 張春之,聶繼池,林立,曾曉立,張凱,張強,王林;正常人手部溫度分布及冷水試驗影響的紅外圖像分析[J];工業(yè)衛(wèi)生與職業(yè)病;2000年03期

2 路遠,凌永順,樊祥;目標(biāo)紅外輻射雙色比值的大氣傳輸研究[J];紅外技術(shù);2003年01期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李云紅;基于紅外熱像儀的溫度測量技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用研究[D];哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué);2010年

，

本文編號：1968884