本文選題：肉鴨 + 環(huán)境質(zhì)量��； 參考：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究對不同鴨舍環(huán)境生物應(yīng)激因素進(jìn)行檢測并探討其對肉鴨福利指標(biāo)和相關(guān)免疫功能的影響。試驗(yàn)選擇280羽1日齡健康櫻桃谷肉鴨進(jìn)行3周育雛。選取體重相近的21日齡肉鴨250羽隨機(jī)分為對照組A、試驗(yàn)組B、試驗(yàn)組C、試驗(yàn)組D、試驗(yàn)組E五個(gè)處理組,每組50羽。對五個(gè)組進(jìn)行不同處理,使對照組A、試驗(yàn)組B、試驗(yàn)組C、試驗(yàn)組D、試驗(yàn)組E五個(gè)處理組環(huán)境清潔程度呈梯度依次為優(yōu)、良、中、差、極差。分別于28、35、42、49、56日齡上午8時(shí)對氣載需氧菌、氣載真菌、氣載內(nèi)毒素濃度進(jìn)行檢測。同日對靜脈血白細(xì)胞總數(shù)、血清溶菌酶含量進(jìn)行測量。于28、42、56日齡每組隨機(jī)取3羽肉鴨對盲腸微生物菌群、免疫器官指數(shù)進(jìn)行測量。于54日齡每組取6只肉鴨進(jìn)行FA活體測量并進(jìn)行步態(tài)評分。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)環(huán)境衛(wèi)生條件差,導(dǎo)致氣載微生物含量升高。環(huán)境的優(yōu)與差在很大程度上取決于衛(wèi)生管理方式。對照組A、試驗(yàn)組B-E舍內(nèi)氣載需氧菌濃度依次在0.46-1.81×104CFU(Colony Forming Unit)/m3(空氣)、0.69-5.07×104CFU/m3、0.68-5.76×104CFU/m3、0.59-5.96×104CFU/m3、0.71-8.93×104CFU/m3之間;舍內(nèi)氣載真菌濃度依次在0.11-2.54×104 CFU(Colony Forming Unit)/m3(空氣)、0.21-3.54×104CFU/m3、0.19-3.95×104CFU/m3、0.77-5.73×104CFU/m3、0.78-8.05×104CFU/m3之間;舍內(nèi)氣載內(nèi)毒素濃度分別在0.02-2.56×104EU(Endotoxin Unit)/m3(空氣)、0.04-7.24×104EU/m3、0.003-1.024×104EU/m3、0.011-1.448×104EU/m3、0.006-1.024×104EU/m3之間。畜禽舍微生物氣溶膠來源于動物體及其排泄物、墊料、飼料等。畜舍進(jìn)行計(jì)劃地通風(fēng)、清潔,可以降低環(huán)境中顆粒懸浮物和微生物氣溶膠的量,達(dá)到改進(jìn)空氣質(zhì)量目標(biāo)。隨著時(shí)間的推移,肉鴨一天天長大,排泄物的增多,鴨舍內(nèi)氣載需氧菌、真菌、內(nèi)毒素濃度的變化顯著受到不同通風(fēng)、清潔條件的影響。(2)隨著飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境質(zhì)量變差,空氣中生物應(yīng)激因素濃度顯著增大。免疫器官的發(fā)育受到不良影響,對機(jī)體的免疫抵抗了會產(chǎn)生不利的危害。降低了肉鴨血清溶菌酶的含量,第六至八周,試驗(yàn)組B、C、D、E分別比對照組A下降6.7%、12.9%、17.4%、19.1%。肉鴨機(jī)體細(xì)胞免疫力減弱,抑制了機(jī)體免疫組織的功能。不同的養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境對肉鴨的靜脈血白細(xì)胞總數(shù)沒有顯著影響。(3)養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境差的鴨舍中生物應(yīng)激因素濃度顯著高,顯著影響肉鴨福利。氣載微生物濃度高的環(huán)境下,肉鴨機(jī)體盲腸內(nèi)容物中大腸桿菌濃度高,有益菌乳酸桿菌濃度低。外觀步態(tài)評分試驗(yàn)組B、C、D、E分別比對照組A分別下降151%、303%、506%、557%。FA值試驗(yàn)組B、C、D、E分別比對照組A分別下降24%、75%、113%、139%。肉鴨的全身狀況不佳,運(yùn)動量減少,阻遏了肉鴨福利和健康的良性發(fā)展。隨著養(yǎng)殖環(huán)境清潔程度的提高,肉鴨福利水平也整體提高。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of biological stress factors on the welfare index and related immune function of meat ducks. 280 1-day-old Cherry Valley ducks were selected for 3-week brooding. 250 21-day-old ducks of similar body weight were randomly divided into control group (group B), experimental group (C), experimental group (D), and group E (n = 50). Five groups were treated differently, so that the control group A, the test group B, the test group C, the test group D, the test group E five treatment group environment clean degree showed the gradient in turn is excellent, good, medium, bad, extremely bad. The concentrations of airborne aerobic bacteria, airborne fungi and airborne endotoxin were detected at 8: 00 a.m. at 28: 35, 42, 49 and 56 days of age, respectively. On the same day, the total number of venous leukocytes and the content of serum lysozyme were measured. The cecum microflora and immune organ index were measured with 3 ducks in each group at the age of 28 ~ 42 ~ 56 days. At 54 days old, 6 ducks in each group were measured with FA and gait score. The results showed that the environmental hygiene conditions were poor, which led to the increase of airborne microorganism content. The quality of the environment depends to a large extent on the health management style. 瀵圭収緇凙,璇曢獙緇凚-E鑸嶅唴姘旇澆闇，

本文編號：1954359