本文選題：輪牧方式 + 荒漠草原��； 參考：《寧夏大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：以寧夏荒漠草原為對象,研究圍欄禁牧和灘羊連續(xù)放牧、二區(qū)、四區(qū)和六區(qū)輪牧土壤微生物和酶活性變化,分析土壤微生物、酶活性、理化特性間的相關性,進行了放牧草地土壤健康評價。結果表明：(1)在禁牧和連續(xù)放牧、二區(qū)、四區(qū)和六區(qū)輪牧下,土壤微生物以放線菌為主,細菌次之,真菌最少。在0-30cm土層,六區(qū)輪牧的微生物總數(shù)、放線菌、細菌最大,四區(qū)輪牧次之,連續(xù)放牧最小。隨著土層加深,微生物總數(shù)量呈下降趨勢。土壤結皮中,微生物總數(shù)量在二區(qū)輪牧最大,真菌和細菌數(shù)量以連續(xù)放牧最高,放線菌數(shù)量以二區(qū)輪牧最多。(2)不同輪牧下微生物量碳、氮含量差異極顯著(P0.01)。0-30cm土層微生物量碳以六區(qū)輪牧最大,微生物量氮以四區(qū)輪牧最大。隨土層深度加深,微生物量碳、氮含量呈下降趨勢。微生物量碳層化現(xiàn)象在圍欄禁牧小區(qū)明顯。土壤結皮微生物量碳含量以連續(xù)放牧最高,微生物量氮含量以四區(qū)輪牧最高。(3)酶活性的在輪牧方式間存在極顯著差異(P0.01)。六區(qū)輪牧的脫氫酶活性、脲酶活性最高,轉化酶和過氧化氫酶活性在二區(qū)輪牧中最高,連續(xù)放牧的磷酸酶活性最高。隨著土壤深度加深,酶活性呈下降變化(P0.01)。(4)土壤容重在圍欄禁牧區(qū)最大,連續(xù)放牧最小。毛管孔隙度和土壤含水率最高,六區(qū)輪牧次之,圍欄禁牧最小。土壤粉粒含量在連續(xù)放牧區(qū)最大,細砂粒在四區(qū)輪牧最大,中砂粒和粗砂粒在圍欄禁牧最大。土壤結皮總蓋度在圍欄禁牧最大,六區(qū)輪牧次之,連續(xù)放牧最小。土壤全氮在連續(xù)放牧最大,二區(qū)輪牧次之,四區(qū)輪牧最小。土壤有機質在六區(qū)輪牧最大,二區(qū)輪牧最小。堿解氮在圍欄禁牧最大,連續(xù)放牧最小。速效磷在連續(xù)放牧最大。(5)土壤生物學特性與土壤理化性狀之間存在一定的相關性。過氧化氫酶與微生物量碳有極顯著的強相關關系。放線菌與脲酶和微生物量碳有極顯著的正的強相關關系,容重與磷酸酶有極顯著的負相關關系。速效磷與磷酸酶和過氧化氫酶有極顯著的正的強相關關系。速效鉀與微生物量碳和真菌有極顯著的正的強相關關系。(6)通過主成分分析法和隸屬函數(shù)分析法評價結果,土壤健康狀況表現(xiàn)為六區(qū)輪牧四區(qū)輪牧二區(qū)輪牧圍欄禁牧連續(xù)放牧。
[Abstract]:Taking the Ningxia Desert Steppe as the object, the changes of soil microorganism and enzyme activity in two, four and six regions were studied, and the correlation between soil microorganism, enzyme activity and physicochemical properties was analyzed. The soil health evaluation of grazing grassland was carried out. The results showed: (1) in the grazing and continuous grazing, two area, four zone and six area. Under the rotational grazing, the soil microbes were mainly actinomycetes, the bacteria were second and the fungi were the least. In the 0-30cm soil layer, the total number of microbes in the six regions, the actinomycetes, the bacteria were the largest, the four regions were grazing the second, and the continuous grazing was the smallest. As the soil layer deepened, the total number of microbes decreased. The total number of microbes in the soil crust was the largest in two regions, fungi and fine. The number of bacteria in continuous grazing was the highest, and the number of actinomycetes in the two region was the most. (2) the microbial biomass carbon under different rotational grazing was very significant (P0.01) the microbial biomass carbon in the.0-30cm soil layer was the largest in the six region, and the microbial biomass nitrogen was the largest in the four region. The soil microbial biomass carbon content was the highest in the continuous grazing area, and the microbial biomass nitrogen was highest in the four region. (3) the enzyme activity was significantly different between the rotational grazing methods (P0.01). The activity of dehydrogenase, the highest urease activity, and the invertase and catalase activity in the two region were the highest in the six region. The highest activity of the phosphatase was the highest in the continuous grazing. As the depth of the soil deepened, the activity of the enzyme decreased (P0.01). (4) the soil bulk density was the largest in the forbidding pasture area, and the continuous grazing was the smallest. The porosity and water content of the soil were the highest, the six region was the highest and the enclosure was the smallest. The soil powder content was the largest in the continuous grazing area, and the fine sand grains were four. The maximum soil crusts and coarse sand grains in the enclosure are the largest. The total soil cover coverage is the largest in the fence, the six region is the largest grazing, and the continuous grazing is the smallest. The soil total nitrogen is the largest in continuous grazing, two in the four region and the lowest in the four region. The soil organic matter is the largest in the six region and the two region is the smallest. The alkali hydrolysable nitrogen is the largest grazing prohibition in the fence. Continuous grazing was the minimum. (5) there was a certain correlation between soil biological characteristics and soil physical and chemical properties. There was a significant strong correlation between catalase and microbial biomass carbon. Actinomycetes had a very significant positive correlation with urease and microbial biomass carbon, and the bulk density and phosphatase were extremely significant negative. There is a very significant positive correlation between available phosphorus and phosphatase and catalase. There is a strong positive correlation between available potassium and microbial biomass carbon and fungi. (6) the results of evaluation by principal component analysis and membership function analysis show that the soil health status is now in the two district rotation grazing fence in District Four rotation grazing. Pastoral grazing.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812

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