本文選題：家庭牧場(chǎng) + 生產(chǎn)要素　； 參考：《中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：中國(guó)是一個(gè)草原牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)大國(guó),家庭牧場(chǎng)是我國(guó)牧區(qū)主要牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)單位。近年來(lái),牧業(yè)產(chǎn)品的價(jià)格上漲并未帶動(dòng)牧區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,反而因過(guò)度放牧給草原生態(tài)埋下了隱患,而生產(chǎn)要素的使用狀態(tài)決定著收入水平,因此,探究家庭牧場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)要素組合的發(fā)展路徑對(duì)提高牧民收入、實(shí)現(xiàn)牧區(qū)牧業(yè)綠色生態(tài)可持續(xù)發(fā)展有重要意義。針對(duì)已有研究關(guān)于家庭牧場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)要素和要素組合的成果偏少,且分析框架與研究方法不夠系統(tǒng)之不足,本研究從中國(guó)家庭牧場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)要素變化特征、生產(chǎn)要素組合效率測(cè)度與改進(jìn)、生產(chǎn)前沿上的要素組合、新型牧業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式對(duì)要素組合的優(yōu)化幾方面系統(tǒng)的對(duì)家庭牧場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)要素及其組合問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了研究。在對(duì)相關(guān)概念及理論進(jìn)行界定和梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,首先對(duì)中國(guó)家庭牧場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)要素變化特征進(jìn)行了分析;其次,對(duì)生產(chǎn)要素進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理后,分別用參數(shù)法和非參數(shù)法測(cè)度要素組合的生產(chǎn)技術(shù)效率并比較兩種方法所得結(jié)果在不同草原氣候帶和不同養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模中的差異;通過(guò)估計(jì)松弛變量,結(jié)合Tobit模型、CLAD模型和效率損失函數(shù),從內(nèi)在組合和外在影響兩方面研究了效率提升路徑;再次,通過(guò)線(xiàn)性規(guī)劃求解家庭牧場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)決策模型,在考慮生態(tài)約束和要素機(jī)會(huì)成本的前提下求得生產(chǎn)前沿上固定草地和資金投入組合中其它要素的投入量,研究了效率和規(guī)模并存的生產(chǎn)前沿要素組合;最后,以案例形式分析了托管型、技術(shù)服務(wù)型和生態(tài)旅游型三種新型牧業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式對(duì)生產(chǎn)要素組合的作用機(jī)制。為了保障整篇論文的系統(tǒng)性,各章節(jié)實(shí)證數(shù)據(jù)全部來(lái)自于對(duì)中國(guó)牧區(qū)的實(shí)地調(diào)研。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)中國(guó)家庭牧場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)要素具有勞動(dòng)力中老齡化嚴(yán)重、資本積累困難、草地生態(tài)脆弱的特征。(2)家庭牧場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)效率總體偏低,提升空間大,在不同氣候帶和經(jīng)營(yíng)規(guī)模下分布差異顯著。DEA和SFA的技術(shù)效率均值分別為47.5%和55.39%,在當(dāng)前技術(shù)應(yīng)用水平下,600～700標(biāo)準(zhǔn)羊單位養(yǎng)殖規(guī)模的效率相對(duì)較高。(3)提升勞動(dòng)力生產(chǎn)技術(shù)水平和管理能力,進(jìn)而改進(jìn)草地和資金的使用效率,是提高家庭牧場(chǎng)生產(chǎn)效率的根本途徑。勞動(dòng)力作為主動(dòng)要素直接決定著土地要素和資本要素的使用,當(dāng)前約60%以上的家庭牧場(chǎng)存在草地或資金投入冗余,參加政府培訓(xùn)與合作社、優(yōu)化從業(yè)人員年齡結(jié)構(gòu),提升從業(yè)人員學(xué)歷、專(zhuān)業(yè)文化程度和遠(yuǎn)行距離,均有助于生產(chǎn)效率的提高。(4)隨著生產(chǎn)效率的提高,當(dāng)家庭牧場(chǎng)牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)達(dá)到生產(chǎn)前沿面時(shí),要素組合隨生產(chǎn)規(guī)模呈規(guī)律性變化。生產(chǎn)規(guī)模不變時(shí),資金與土地投入比越高,所需勞動(dòng)力投入就越少;生產(chǎn)規(guī)模逐漸擴(kuò)大時(shí),勞動(dòng)力與存欄牲畜比逐漸下降;在小規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖中,土地投入少、資金投入多的組合所獲利潤(rùn)較高;在大規(guī)模養(yǎng)殖中,土地投入多、資金投入少的組合所獲利潤(rùn)較高。依據(jù)家庭牧場(chǎng)對(duì)自有勞動(dòng)力及雇工的定義,預(yù)測(cè)我國(guó)家庭牧場(chǎng)未來(lái)發(fā)展的要素組合趨勢(shì)為:4000～5000標(biāo)準(zhǔn)畝草原、5～6個(gè)勞動(dòng)力、1000個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)羊單位存欄牲畜和適量的資金投入。(5)新型牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)模式通過(guò)提高勞動(dòng)力生產(chǎn)率和單位資本使用率,對(duì)牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)要素組合效率的提高發(fā)揮了重要作用。
[Abstract]:China is a large grassland animal production country, family pasture is the main animal husbandry production unit in pastoral areas in China. In recent years, the rising price of animal husbandry products has not led to the rapid development of pastoral economy. On the contrary, the overgrazing caused the hidden danger to the grassland ecology, and the use state of the production factors determines the income level. Therefore, the family pasture is explored. The development path of the combination of production factors is of great significance for improving the income of the herdsmen and realizing the sustainable development of green ecology in pastoral pastoral. On the basis of the definition and theory of related concepts and theories, the production of family pastures in China should be first made on the basis of defining and combing the related concepts and theories. The characteristics of the element change are analyzed. Secondly, after the standardization of the factors of production, the production technical efficiency of the combination of parameter method and non parameter method is measured and the differences between the results of the two methods in different grassland climate zones and different scale are compared. By estimating the relaxation variable, combining the Tobit model, CLAD model and the model, The efficiency loss function is used to study the efficiency promotion path from two aspects of internal combination and external influence. Thirdly, the decision model of family pasture production and management is solved by linear programming, and the input of other elements in the fixed grassland and the capital investment combination on the production frontier is studied under the premise of considering the ecological constraints and the factor opportunity cost. The combination of efficiency and scale of production frontier factors; finally, in the case of case analysis, the mechanism of the combination of three new husbandry business models of trusteeship, technology service and ecotourism is analyzed. In order to guarantee the systematicness of the whole paper, the empirical data of each chapter are all from the field investigation of the Chinese pastoral area. The results showed that: (1) the factors of family pasture production in China are characterized by serious aging in the labor force, difficult capital accumulation and fragile ecological grassland. (2) the production efficiency of family pastures is generally low, and the promotion space is large. The average technical efficiency of.DEA and SFA in different climatic zones and operating scales is 47.5% and 55.39%, respectively. Under the current technical application level, the efficiency of the 600~700 standard sheep is relatively high. (3) improving the technical level and management ability of the labor force, and improving the efficiency of the use of grassland and funds, is the fundamental way to improve the production efficiency of the family pasture. As an active factor, the labor force directly determines the factors of land and capital. At present, more than 60% of family pastures present the redundancy of grassland or capital investment, participating in government training and cooperatives, optimizing the age structure of the employees, improving the qualifications of the employees, professional education and distance, which will help to improve the efficiency of production. (4) with the improvement of production efficiency, the production of family pasture and pasture production reaches a living. When the production scale is constant, the higher the ratio of capital to land, the less the input of the labor force, the lower the ratio of the labor and the livestock, and the higher profit in the small scale culture. In large-scale aquaculture, the combination of land investment and less investment has a higher profit. According to the definition of family pasture on its own labor and employees, the combination trend of the future development of family pastures in China is predicted by 4000~5000 standard Mu grassland, 5~6 labor force, 1000 standard sheep unit livestock and a proper amount of capital investment. 5) the new model of animal husbandry production and management has played an important role in improving the efficiency of the combination of animal husbandry production factors by raising the productivity of labor and the utilization rate of unit capital.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：F326.3

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