本文選題：放牧 + 生物土壤結(jié)皮�。� 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：放牧是草地管理和利用的主要方式,劃區(qū)輪牧是最重要的草地現(xiàn)代管理技術(shù)之一,生物土壤結(jié)皮在草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的完整性有重要作用。生物土壤結(jié)皮是由藍(lán)藻、地衣、苔蘚和其他微生物組成的復(fù)雜群落,它們生活在土壤表層或表層的最底層,是一個(gè)很薄的水平層。為此,以隴東黃土高原灘羊—典型草原輪牧系統(tǒng)為對(duì)象,研究放牧對(duì)生物土壤結(jié)皮的結(jié)構(gòu)組成及其下層土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響。主要結(jié)果如下:1.放牧強(qiáng)度對(duì)植物、生物土壤結(jié)皮分布的影響在不同放牧強(qiáng)度的樣地中,2015年和2016年地衣結(jié)皮蓋度分別達(dá)到27.51%-40.74%、37.82%-42.19%,顯著顯著高于植被、苔蘚、裸地以及凋落物的蓋度(P0.05),同時(shí)植被和生物結(jié)皮的蓋度之間存在顯著差異(P0.05)。2015年苔蘚結(jié)皮的蓋度在5.33羊/公頃時(shí)為14.64%,顯著小于其他放牧率(P0.05),隨放牧率的增加,2016年苔蘚結(jié)皮的蓋度逐漸下降,當(dāng)放牧率最大為8.67羊/公頃時(shí),苔蘚結(jié)皮的蓋度達(dá)到最小值(16.11%)顯著小于0、2.67和5.33羊/公頃的苔蘚蓋度(P0.05);放牧結(jié)束后由于植被補(bǔ)償生長(zhǎng),2015年、2016年2.67羊/公頃的植被蓋度達(dá)到最大,分別為:33.14%、32.81%,顯著高于0和8.67羊/公頃(P0.05),與5.33羊/公頃的植被蓋度無(wú)顯著差異(P005),0和5.33羊/公頃的植被蓋度無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05),但均顯著高于8.67羊/公頃(P0.05)。2.放牧強(qiáng)度對(duì)生物土壤結(jié)皮葉綠素含量的影響。放牧強(qiáng)度對(duì)生物結(jié)皮葉綠素的含量產(chǎn)生影響,不同類(lèi)型結(jié)皮的葉綠素變化趨勢(shì)不同。隨放牧率的增加,地衣結(jié)皮中葉綠素的含量呈先下降后上升的趨勢(shì),當(dāng)放牧率為0羊/公頃時(shí),其葉綠素含量為7.72 mg/g,顯著高于2.67、5.33和8.67羊/公頃(P0.05),2.67羊/公頃放牧率下的地衣結(jié)皮葉綠素含量為5.24 mg/g,顯著高于5.33羊/公頃,但顯著低于8.67羊/公頃(P0.05);苔蘚與地衣結(jié)皮的葉綠素含量變化趨勢(shì)相反,隨著放牧率的增加先增加后下降,表現(xiàn)為5.338.672.670,且各放牧之間差異顯著(P0.05)。3.放牧強(qiáng)度對(duì)生物土壤結(jié)皮下層土壤水分含量的影響2015年和2016年的土壤水分含量均呈:苔蘚結(jié)皮地衣結(jié)皮裸地,說(shuō)明苔蘚有利于干旱的黃土高原地區(qū)涵養(yǎng)水分,防止水土流,同時(shí)隨著放牧率的增加土壤含水量均呈現(xiàn)先增加后降低的趨勢(shì),說(shuō)明適度放牧有利于維持土壤中的含水量。4.放牧強(qiáng)度對(duì)生物土壤結(jié)皮下層土壤理化性質(zhì)的影響輕度(適度)放牧有利于增加草地土壤碳的儲(chǔ)存,重牧減少草地土壤有機(jī)碳;苔蘚結(jié)皮有利于提高土壤下層土壤有機(jī)碳含量;生物結(jié)皮下層土壤總氮含量、硝態(tài)氮、銨態(tài)氮含量隨著放牧率的增加而呈下降趨勢(shì),同一放牧率下,下層土壤三者含量總體為苔蘚結(jié)皮地衣結(jié)皮裸地;不同放牧強(qiáng)度下,生物結(jié)皮下層土壤的速效磷含量均為苔蘚結(jié)皮地衣結(jié)皮裸地,且各個(gè)結(jié)皮類(lèi)型下層土壤的速效磷含量在放牧地中均隨著放牧率的增加而下降。綜上,適宜的放牧能夠促進(jìn)生物土壤結(jié)皮的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,改善生物土壤結(jié)皮下層土壤理化性質(zhì)。
[Abstract]:Grazing is the main way of grassland management and utilization. The grazing is one of the most important modern management techniques for grassland. The biological soil crust plays an important role in the integrity of the function of the grassland ecosystem. The biological soil crust is a complex community composed of cyanobacteria, lichen, moss and other microorganisms. They live on the surface or surface of the soil. The bottom layer is a very thin horizontal layer. Therefore, the effects of grazing on the structure composition and the physical and chemical properties of the lower layer soil are studied by the grazing system of the beach sheep - typical grassland in the Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu Province. The main results are as follows: 1. the effects of grazing intensity on the distribution of plant and biological soil crust in different grazing intensities In 2015 and 2016, the crust cover of the lichen reached 27.51%-40.74%, 37.82%-42.19%, significantly higher than the vegetation, moss, bare land and the coverage of litter (P0.05), and there was a significant difference between the vegetation and the cover of the biological crust (P0.05) in.2015, the cover of moss crust was 14.64%, significantly less than that of 5.33 sheep / hectare. With the increase of grazing rate (P0.05), the coverage of moss crust decreased gradually with the increase of grazing rate in 2016. When the maximum grazing rate was 8.67 sheep / ha, the coverage of moss crust reached a minimum (16.11%) less than 0,2.67 and 5.33 sheep / ha of moss coverage (P0.05); after grazing, the vegetation was compensated for growth, 2015, and 2016 2.67 sheep / hectare planting. The maximum coverage was 33.14%, 32.81%, significantly higher than 0 and 8.67 sheep / ha (P0.05), and no significant difference (P005) with 5.33 sheep / hectare vegetation coverage (P005), and there was no significant difference between the vegetation coverage of 0 and 5.33 sheep / ha (P0.05), but significantly higher than that of the 8.67 sheep / hectare (P0.05).2. grazing intensity on the content of chlorophyll in the biological soil crust. The chlorophyll content of biological crust was influenced by grazing intensity. The chlorophyll content of different types of crust was different. With the increase of grazing rate, the content of chlorophyll in lichen crust decreased first and then increased. When the grazing rate was 0 sheep / ha, the chlorophyll content was 7.72 mg/g, significantly higher than that of 2.67,5.33 and 8.67 sheep / hectare (P0.05), 2. The chlorophyll content of the lichen crust under 67 sheep / hectare grazing rates was 5.24 mg/g, significantly higher than 5.33 sheep / ha, but significantly lower than 8.67 sheep / ha (P0.05). The trend of chlorophyll content in moss and lichen crust was the opposite, as the grazing rate increased first and then declined, showing 5.338.672.670, and the difference between each grazing was significant (P0.05).3.. The effect of grazing intensity on soil moisture content in the underlayer of biological soil was observed in 2015 and 2016. The soil moisture content in 2015 and 2016 showed the bare ground of lichen crust crust. It indicated that moss was beneficial to water conservation and prevention of water and soil flow in the arid loess plateau area, and the soil moisture content increased first and then decreased with the increase of grazing rate. It is suggested that moderate grazing is beneficial to maintaining the influence of.4. grazing intensity on the physical and chemical properties of soil underlayer soil in the soil slightly (moderate) grazing is beneficial to increase the storage of soil carbon in grassland, and to reduce the organic carbon of grassland soil by heavy grazing; moss crust is beneficial to the increase of soil organic carbon content in soil underlayer soil; The total nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content decreased with the increase of grazing rate. Under the same grazing rate, the total content of the three people in the lower soil was bare ground lichen crust. Under different grazing intensities, the available phosphorus content of the soil under the biological crust was bare ground of lichen crust crust, and the different crust types were lower soil. The content of available phosphorus in the soil decreases with the increase of grazing rate. To sum up, suitable grazing can promote the growth and development of biological soil crust and improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil under the crust of biological soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S812.2

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