本文選題：賽里木湖 + 山地草甸��； 參考：《新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：賽里木湖以其神奇秀美的自然風(fēng)光享譽(yù)國(guó)內(nèi)外,其水域面積達(dá)458 km2,湖面海拔2073 m,是新疆面積最大、海拔最高的冷水湖。每年夏季,這里五彩繽紛的美景吸引著來(lái)自世界各地的游客,是新疆無(wú)人不知、無(wú)人不曉的4A級(jí)風(fēng)景旅游區(qū),也是名副其實(shí)的國(guó)家濕地公園和國(guó)家級(jí)重點(diǎn)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)。近年來(lái),由于不合理利用和過(guò)度開(kāi)發(fā),賽里木湖周邊天然草地出現(xiàn)不同程度的退化,主要表現(xiàn)為草地生產(chǎn)力下降,植被出現(xiàn)次生演替等。本文以賽里木湖西側(cè)天山羽衣草(Alchemilla tianshanica)、禾草、雜類草型的山地草甸草地為對(duì)象,采用野外調(diào)查與室內(nèi)分析相結(jié)合的方法,通過(guò)α物種多樣性測(cè)度,獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn)、Spearman秩相關(guān)分析等方法,研究刈割對(duì)賽里木湖周邊山地草甸草地群落特征、多樣性及再生速度的影響,確定草地合理利用時(shí)間和理論載畜量,為賽里木湖周邊草地合理利用及可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要結(jié)果如下:1、刈割僅對(duì)天山羽衣草、禾草、雜類草山地草甸草地植被地上生物量的影響效果顯著(P0.05),而對(duì)物種多樣性的影響不顯著;不同經(jīng)濟(jì)類群(根莖疏叢禾草、小豆科草、小莎草類草和雜類草)的植物刈割后在高度、地上生物量和組成比例上均發(fā)生了變化;刈割對(duì)Margalef豐富度指數(shù)、Shannon-Wiener多樣性指數(shù)與地上生物量的關(guān)系表現(xiàn)顯著相關(guān),而對(duì)Simpson多樣性指數(shù)、Pielou均勻度指數(shù)與地上生物量的關(guān)系影響較弱,整體表現(xiàn)為三種結(jié)果,即正相關(guān)、負(fù)相關(guān)和無(wú)相關(guān)關(guān)系。2、山地草甸植物的生長(zhǎng)(再生)速度有三種表現(xiàn)形式,即單峰型、雙峰型和三峰型。刈割對(duì)峰值出現(xiàn)的大小、時(shí)間和次數(shù)有一定的影響。不刈割處理中,珠芽蓼(Polygonum viviparum)、草原老鸛草(Geranium pratense)呈單峰曲線,天山羽衣草、苔草(Carex sp.)呈雙峰曲線,禾草呈三峰曲線;而刈割處理后,5種植物均呈雙峰曲線;牧草在刈割后15 d的再生速度大都高于刈割后30 d及以后的再生速度,禾草在不同時(shí)期刈割的再生速度均明顯大于天山羽衣草、珠芽蓼、草原老鸛草和苔草,從8月中下旬開(kāi)始,牧草生長(zhǎng)基本處于停滯狀態(tài)。3、牧草生長(zhǎng)主要集中在返青以后的生長(zhǎng)初期,6月至7月初,絕對(duì)生長(zhǎng)速率(AGR)0,地上生物量一直處于增長(zhǎng)狀態(tài);7月中下旬開(kāi)始,AGR0,則為生長(zhǎng)衰退階段。圍欄內(nèi)外鮮草產(chǎn)量均在7月中旬達(dá)到最大值,圍欄內(nèi)產(chǎn)量是圍欄外產(chǎn)量的3倍左右;圍欄內(nèi)牧草的干鮮比值在6月3日至8月1日基本保持在30%-40%之間,隨后開(kāi)始升高,植株水分含量少,適宜用作打草場(chǎng)。4、2014年鮮草理論載畜量較2013年均同比下降7.87%,而干草均同比增長(zhǎng)39.39%。全年利用時(shí),2014年鮮草理論載畜能力較2013年同比增長(zhǎng)8.70%,干草同比下降27.78%,季節(jié)草場(chǎng)利用時(shí),2014年鮮草理論載畜能力較2013年同比增長(zhǎng)12.5%,干草同比下降23.08%,表明2014年鮮草理論載畜能力較2013年弱,而干草理論載畜能力強(qiáng)。。
[Abstract]:Selimu Lake is famous at home and abroad for its magical and beautiful natural scenery. Its water area is 458km2 and its surface elevation is 2073 m.It is the largest and highest cold water lake in Xinjiang. Every summer, the colorful scenery here attracts tourists from all over the world. It is a 4A class scenic spot in Xinjiang. It is also a national wetland park and a national key scenic spot. In recent years, due to unreasonable utilization and overexploitation, the natural grassland around Selimu Lake has been degraded to varying degrees, mainly as follows: the productivity of grassland decreased, the vegetation appeared secondary succession and so on. In this paper, Alchemilla tianshanicaer, grass, mixed grass type mountain meadow grassland on the west side of Selimu Lake is taken as an object. The method of combining field investigation with indoor analysis is used to measure the diversity of a species. The independent sample t test and Spearman rank correlation analysis were used to study the effects of cutting on the characteristics, diversity and regeneration rate of meadow community in the mountainous meadow around Selimu Lake, and to determine the reasonable utilization time and theoretical stock capacity of grassland. It provides scientific basis for rational utilization and sustainable development of grassland around Selimu Lake. The main results are as follows: 1. The effect of mowing on the aboveground biomass of Eupatorium tianshanensis, grasses and hybrids in mountain meadow was significant (P 0.05), but the effect on species diversity was not significant, and there were different economic groups (rhizome, grass, legume). After cutting, the plant height, aboveground biomass and composition ratio changed, and the relationship between Margalef richness index Shannon-Wiener diversity index and aboveground biomass was significant. However, the relationship between Simpson diversity index and aboveground biomass was weak, and there were three kinds of results: positive correlation, negative correlation and no correlation. There were three forms of growth (regeneration) rate of mountain meadow plants. That is, single peak type, double peak type and three-peak type. Mowing has a certain effect on the magnitude, time and times of peak value. In the unmowing treatment, Polygonum viviparum, Geranium pratense, Geranium pratense, showed a single peak curve, Carex sp. and Carex sp.) There were bimodal curves in forage, three peaks in grasses, and bimodal curves in five plants after cutting, and the regeneration rate of forage at 15 days after cutting was higher than that at 30 days after cutting and after cutting. The regeneration rate of grass at different stages was obviously higher than that of Eupatorium tianshanensis, Polygonum hydropiper, Geranium wilfordii and Carex spp., which began in the middle and late August. The growth of forage was basically at a standstill. The growth of forage was mainly in the early stage after turning green. From June to the beginning of July, the absolute growth rate of AGR0 and the aboveground biomass of AGR0 had been increasing, and the growth of AGR0 was the stage of growth decline since the middle and late July. The yield of fresh grass inside and outside the fence reached its maximum in mid-July, and the yield inside the fence was about three times that of the yield outside the fence, and the dry and fresh ratio of forage inside the fence kept basically between 30% and 40% from June 3 to August 1, and then began to increase. Because of its low water content, it is suitable to be used as pasture. 4. The theoretical stock carrying capacity of fresh grass in 2014 is 7.87% lower than that in 2013, while the hay is 39.39% higher than the same year last year. During the whole year, the capacity of carrying livestock in the theory of fresh grass in 2014 was 8.70% higher than that in the same period of 2013, and that in hay was 27.78% lower than in the same period of 2013. When using seasonal pasture, the capacity of carrying livestock in theory of fresh grass in 2014 increased by 12.5% compared with the same period in 2013, and that in hay decreased 23.08%, indicating the theory of fresh grass in 2014. The capacity of carrying livestock is weaker than that of 2013. And the hay theory has a strong ability to carry livestock.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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