本文選題：黃土高原 + 典型草原��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：家畜糞便與枯落物是放牧生態(tài)系統(tǒng)物質(zhì)循環(huán)和能量流動(dòng)的重要載體,對(duì)調(diào)節(jié)草畜元素平衡、維持草畜系統(tǒng)生態(tài)生產(chǎn)力具有重要作用。為此,以隴東黃土高原典型草原-灘羊輪牧系統(tǒng)為研究對(duì)象,分析放牧率(封育,2.67羊/ha,5.33羊/ha,8.67羊/ha)與放牧季節(jié)(夏季,冬季)對(duì)羊糞和枯落物分解的作用,力求為典型草原的放牧和可持續(xù)利用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下：1.羊糞分解對(duì)放牧的響應(yīng)夏季放牧地5.33羊/ha放牧率的羊糞干物質(zhì)分解最快,2.67羊/ha放牧率分解最慢,日均分解率分別為0.632mg/g和0.570mg/g,兩者差異顯著(P0.05)。冬季放牧地8.67羊/ha放牧率羊糞干物質(zhì)分解最快,2.67羊/ha放牧率分解最慢,日均分解率分別為0.622mg/g和0.554mg/g,2.67羊/ha放牧率的羊糞分解速度顯著低于其他兩個(gè)放牧率(P0.05)。夏季放牧地和冬季放牧地羊糞有機(jī)碳的分解速率快慢同干物質(zhì)。N、P的分解均在5.33羊/ha放牧率最快。2.枯落物分解對(duì)放牧的響應(yīng)夏季放牧地5.33羊/ha放牧率的枯落物干物質(zhì)分解最快,日均分解率為0.871mg/g；封育區(qū)分解最慢(P0.05),日均分解率為0.734mg/g。冬季放牧地枯落物分解最快的是5.33羊/ha放牧率的樣地,日均分解率為0.725mg/g,分解最慢的是2.67羊/ha,日均分解率為0699mg/g。夏季放牧地C、N、P的分解均在5.33羊/ha放牧率最快,冬季放牧地C的分解在8.67/ha羊放牧率最快,N、P在5.33羊/ha放牧率最快。3.混合枯落物分解對(duì)放牧的響應(yīng)夏季放牧地混合枯落物分解最快的是5.33羊/ha放牧率的樣地,日均分解率為0.856mg/g,分解最慢的是封育區(qū)(P0.05),日均分解率為0.684mg/g。冬季放牧地5.33羊/ha放牧率的混合枯落物分解最快,2.67羊/ha放牧率分解最慢,日均分解率分別為0.856mg/g和0.716mg/g,其中2.67羊/ha放牧率混合枯落物分解速度顯著低于其他兩個(gè)放牧率(P0.05)。夏季放牧地與冬季放牧地混合枯落物C、N、P的分解均在5.33羊/ha放牧率最快。4.放牧率和放牧季節(jié)對(duì)羊糞和枯落物分解的作用隨著放牧率的增加,羊糞及枯落物分解所需時(shí)間呈現(xiàn)先下降后上升的趨勢(shì)。夏季放牧地羊糞、枯落物和混合枯落物分解適宜放牧率的理論值分別為6.2羊/ha、6.3羊/ha和6.4羊/ha,冬季放牧地則分別為9羊/ha、7.3羊/ha和7羊/ha。夏季放牧地枯落物分解在2.67羊/ha、5.33羊/ha、8.67羊/ha放牧率下比冬季放牧地分別快18.27%(P0.05)、20.18%(P0.05)、12.53%(P0.05)；混合枯落物分解分別快：14.16%(P0.05)、7.58%、9.26%(P0.05)；夏季放牧地羊糞分解在2.67羊/ha、5.33羊/ha放牧率下分別快2.93%、7.64%(P0.05),在8.67羊/ha放牧率下則慢2.19%。5.羊糞和枯落物的周轉(zhuǎn)速率夏季放牧地,羊糞分解50%需要約25個(gè)月,分解90%需要約90個(gè)月；各放牧樣地枯落物分解50%需要約17個(gè)月,分解90%需要約61個(gè)月；混合枯落物分解50%需要約17個(gè)月,分解90%需要約64個(gè)月。冬季放牧地羊糞分解50%需要約30個(gè)月,分解90%需要約100個(gè)月；各放牧樣地枯落物分解50%需要約20個(gè)月,分解90%需要約72個(gè)月；混合枯落物分解50%需要約18個(gè)月。6.物種多樣性對(duì)枯落物分解的作用枯落物混合處理后,夏季放牧地枯落物物種數(shù)提高88.0%,其質(zhì)量分解速率下降1.43%,碳?xì)w還速率提高1.42%,氮?dú)w還速率下降2.79%,磷歸還速率提高13.12%,其中磷歸還速率顯著提高(P0.05)；冬季放牧地枯落物物種數(shù)提高61.7%,其質(zhì)量分解速率、碳、氮和磷歸還速率分別提高6.24%、4.48%、16.10%和7.85%,其中質(zhì)量分解、氮和磷歸還有顯著提高(P0.05)。適當(dāng)放牧有利于羊糞和枯落物的養(yǎng)分歸還,夏季放牧比冬季放牧更有助于羊糞和枯落物分解,枯落物物種多樣性高有助于養(yǎng)分歸還。
[Abstract]:Livestock manure and litter are important carriers of material circulation and energy flow in grazing ecosystem. It plays an important role in regulating the balance of grass and livestock elements and maintaining the ecological productivity of livestock system. Therefore, the grazing rate (sealing, 2.67 sheep /ha, 5.33 sheep /ha, 8.67 sheep /ha) is divided into the study object of the typical steppe grazing system in the Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu Province. The effect of the grazing season (summer, winter) on the decomposition of sheep dung and litter to provide scientific basis for the grazing and sustainable utilization of the typical grassland. The main results are as follows: 1. the decomposition of sheep dung to grazing in response to the grazing rate of 5.33 sheep /ha grazing rate of sheep dung decomposition is the fastest, the 2.67 sheep /ha grazing rate is the slowest decomposition, daily average score. The difference was 0.632mg/g and 0.570mg/g, respectively (P0.05). The dry grazing rate of 8.67 sheep /ha grazing in winter grazing land was the fastest, the 2.67 sheep /ha grazing rate was the slowest, the daily average decomposition rate was 0.622mg/g and 0.554mg/g respectively. The rate of sheep dung decomposition of 2.67 sheep /ha grazing rate was significantly lower than the other two grazing rates (P0.05). The decomposition rate of organic carbon in sheep dung was fast and slow with the dry matter.N, and the decomposition of P was the fastest.2. litter decomposition in 5.33 sheep /ha. The decomposition of the litter was the fastest, the daily decomposition rate was 0.871mg/g, the decomposition rate was the slowest (P0.05) and the average daily decomposition rate was 0.734mg/. The fastest decomposition of g. in the winter grazing land is 5.33 sheep /ha grazing rate, the daily decomposition rate is 0.725mg/g, the slowest decomposition is 2.67 sheep /ha, the daily decomposition rate is 0699mg/g. summer grazing land C, N, P decomposition is the fastest in 5.33 sheep /ha grazing rate, and the C decomposition in the winter grazing land is the fastest grazing rate in 8.67/ha sheep, N, 5.33 sheep grazing rate. The fastest decomposition of.3. mixed litter decomposition to grazing in response to the summer grazing land mixture decomposition is the fastest decomposition of 5.33 sheep /ha grazing rate, the daily decomposition rate is 0.856mg/g, the slowest decomposition is the sealing area (P0.05), the daily decomposition rate is the fastest decomposition of the mixed litter of 5.33 sheep /ha grazing rate in the 0.684mg/g. winter grazing land, and 2.67 sheep /ha grazing. The rate decomposition is the slowest, the daily decomposition rate is 0.856mg/g and 0.716mg/g respectively, and the decomposition rate of the 2.67 sheep /ha grazing rate is significantly lower than the other two grazing rates (P0.05). The decomposition of the mixed litter in the summer grazing land and the winter grazing land C, N, P is the fastest.4. grazing rate at 5.33 sheep /ha and the sheep dung and litter in grazing season. As the grazing rate increased, the time required for the decomposition of sheep dung and litter showed a trend of decreasing and then rising. The theoretical values of sheep dung, litter and mixed litter decomposition in summer were 6.2 sheep /ha, 6.3 sheep /ha and 6.4 sheep /ha respectively, 9 sheep /ha, 7.3 sheep /ha and 7 sheep /ha. for summer grazing, respectively. The litter decomposition in 2.67 sheep /ha, 5.33 sheep /ha, 8.67 sheep /ha grazing rate was 18.27% (P0.05), 20.18% (P0.05), 12.53% (P0.05) faster than the winter grazing land, and the mixed litter decomposition was fast: 14.16% (P0.05), 7.58%, 9.26% (P0.05), and in summer, the sheep dung was decomposed in 2.67 sheep /ha, 5.33 sheep /ha grazing rate, 2.93%, 7.64% (P0.05), in 8, respectively. .67 sheep /ha grazing rate under the grazing rate of slow 2.19%.5. sheep dung and litter turnover rate in the summer grazing land, the decomposition of sheep dung 50% needs about 25 months, the decomposition of 90% needs about 90 months; the decomposition of pasture litter 50% needs about 17 months, decomposition 90% needs about 61 months; mixed litter decomposition 50% needs about 17 months, decomposition 90% needs about 64 months. Winter decomposition needs about 64 months. Winter decomposition 90% needs about 64 months. The decomposition of sheep dung in seasonal grazing land takes about 30 months, the decomposition of 90% takes about 100 months, the decomposition of the litter is 50% for about 20 months, and the decomposition 90% takes about 72 months; the mixed litter decomposition 50% requires about 18 months of.6. species diversity to the litter decomposition of litter, and the number of litter in summer grazing land. By 88%, the mass decomposition rate decreased by 1.43%, the carbon return rate increased by 1.42%, the nitrogen return rate decreased by 2.79%, the phosphorus return rate increased by 13.12%, and the phosphorus return rate increased significantly (P0.05), and the number of litter species increased by 61.7% in the winter grazing land, and its mass decomposition rate, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus return rates increased by 6.24%, 4.48%, 16.10% and 7.85, respectively. There was a significant increase in mass decomposition, nitrogen and phosphorus (P0.05). Appropriate grazing was beneficial to the return of sheep dung and litter, and the summer grazing was more conducive to the decomposition of sheep dung and litter than in winter grazing, and the high species diversity of the litter was helpful to the return of nutrients.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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