本文選題：荒漠草原 + 水氮調(diào)控�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：土壤動(dòng)物是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中重要的捎費(fèi)者和特殊的分解者。對環(huán)境變化敏感,它們在土壤生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中各生物類群或群落組成等的差異,能夠反映環(huán)境的細(xì)微變化,因此,土壤動(dòng)物可作為研究土壤環(huán)境要素的指示指標(biāo)�；哪菰遣菰蚧哪^度的一類草原,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)比較脆弱。全球變化對荒漠草原土壤動(dòng)物的行為、分布、豐富度、種群大小和種間關(guān)系等均產(chǎn)生了不同程度的改變,甚至引起個(gè)別物種的滅絕。本文以短花針茅荒漠草原為研究對象,進(jìn)行了控制降雨及氮素添加實(shí)驗(yàn),研究水、氮變化對荒漠草原土壤中、小型動(dòng)物的種類、數(shù)量、多樣性的影響,為荒漠草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)對環(huán)境變化的適應(yīng)與響應(yīng)提供生物學(xué)依據(jù)。本論文研究結(jié)果表明：1.試驗(yàn)樣地6～9月份共獲得土壤中小型動(dòng)物9目27科16屬,共計(jì)44個(gè)類群,其中優(yōu)勢類群為等翅目-鼻嚤科、寄螨目-表刻螨科、彈尾目-跳蟲科和膜翅目-蟻科,其個(gè)體數(shù)占總個(gè)體數(shù)的26.85%；常見類群14類,真螨目最多,共計(jì)8科16屬,占總種群數(shù)的一半以上,約為54.55%,其次為寄螨目、彈尾目和等翅目,共計(jì)14科,占總種群數(shù)的31.82%,纓翅目、雙翅目、半翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目最少,共占總種群數(shù)的13.63%。各群落多度由多到少依次為：真螨目等翅目彈尾目寄螨目膜翅目纓翅目半翅目雙翅目鞘翅目。2.施氮有利于荒漠草原土壤中小型動(dòng)物種類的增加,減雨和增雨均未顯著影響6月和7月的土壤中小型動(dòng)物的種類,而在8月份0-10cm土層中增加較為明顯,9月份增雨施氮(WN)處理最大程度的增加了0-10cm土層的土壤中小型動(dòng)物種類,較對照增加了10種,增幅高達(dá)250%。3.荒漠草原土壤中小型動(dòng)物數(shù)量的月份動(dòng)態(tài)為,6-7月增加相對緩慢；7-8月急劇增加；8-9月相對平穩(wěn)達(dá)定值,為53.77個(gè)/m2。增雨、施氮、增雨施氮均增加土壤中小型動(dòng)物數(shù)量,尤其在9月份0-10cm土層表現(xiàn)更為明顯。4.荒漠草原土壤中小型動(dòng)物多樣性不僅與降雨量,氮肥施用有關(guān),不同的水、氮調(diào)控,土壤中小型動(dòng)物在不同月份的波動(dòng)性變化并不一致。但增雨施氮能夠最大程度的增加土壤中小型動(dòng)物在8-9月的多樣性、均勻度和豐富度；增雨能夠極大地增加7月份土壤中小型動(dòng)物的優(yōu)勢度。5.荒漠草原土壤中小型動(dòng)物種類、數(shù)量及多樣性與土壤環(huán)境因子間的關(guān)系密切,與土壤全N、有機(jī)質(zhì)、含水量呈極顯著或顯著正相關(guān),有效P含量只顯著影響土壤中小型動(dòng)物的種類和數(shù)量,含水量不會(huì)顯著的改變土壤中小型動(dòng)物的豐富度。
[Abstract]:Soil animals are important payers and special decomposers in ecosystems. They are sensitive to environmental changes and their differences in the composition of biological groups or communities in the soil ecosystem can reflect the subtle changes of the environment. Therefore soil animals can be used as indicators for the study of soil environmental elements. Desert steppe is a kind of steppe in the transition from steppe to desert, and the ecosystem is relatively fragile. Global changes have changed the behavior, distribution, richness, population size and interspecific relationship of soil animals in desert steppe, and even caused the extinction of individual species. In this paper, the effects of water and nitrogen on the species, quantity and diversity of small animals in desert steppe soil were studied by controlling rainfall and nitrogen addition in the desert steppe of Stipa breviflora. To provide biological basis for adaptation and response of desert steppe ecosystem to environmental change. The results of this paper show that: 1. A total of 44 small and medium-sized soil animals belonging to 16 genera, 27 families and 9 orders were obtained in the experiment site in September. The dominant groups were Isopteroptera, Acaridae, Tripodophyllaceae and Hymenoptera-Formicidae, among which the dominant groups were Isopteridae, Acaridae and Hymenoptera-Formicidae. The number of individuals is 26.85% of the total number of individuals, 14 kinds of common groups and 16 genera of 8 families, accounting for more than half of the total population, accounting for about 54.55% of the total number of individuals, followed by acarids, phyloptera and isoptera, totalling 14 families, accounting for 31.82% of the total population, Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera, Thysanoptera. Diptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera are the least, accounting for 13.63% of the total population. The order of community abundance from more to less is: Euacariidae, isoptera, projectile tail order, Hymenoptera, Hymenoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Coleoptera. 2. Nitrogen application was beneficial to the increase of the species of small and medium-sized animals in desert steppe soil. Rain reduction and rain increase did not significantly affect the species of soil small and medium-sized animals in June and July. However, the increase of 0-10cm soil layer in August was more obvious than that in September. The maximum increase of small and medium-sized animal species in 0-10cm soil layer was increased by 10 species compared with the control, the increase was as high as 250.3. The monthly dynamics of small and medium-sized animals in desert steppe soil is that the number of small and medium-sized animals in the desert steppe increased slowly in June-July and sharply increased in July-August, and reached a steady value of 53.77 / m2 in August and September. Adding rain, applying nitrogen and applying nitrogen increased the number of small and medium-sized animals in soil, especially in the soil layer of 0-10cm in September. The diversity of small and medium-sized animals in desert steppe soil is not only related to rainfall, nitrogen fertilizer application, but also different regulation of water and nitrogen, and the fluctuation of small and medium-sized animals in different months is not consistent. But nitrogen application can increase the diversity, evenness and richness of soil small and medium-sized animals in August and September, and increase rainfall can greatly increase the dominance of small and medium-sized soil animals in July. The species, quantity and diversity of small and medium-sized animals in desert steppe soil were closely related to soil environmental factors, and were significantly or positively correlated with soil total N, organic matter and water content. The content of available P only significantly affected the species and number of soil small and medium-sized animals, but the water content did not significantly change the richness of soil small and medium-sized animals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S812.2

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本文編號(hào)：1875573