本文選題：中草藥添加劑 + 林下雞�。� 參考：《延邊大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)旨在研究中草藥添加劑(松針粉,黃芪,刺五加復(fù)合制劑)對林下雞生長性能、肉質(zhì)性狀及血液指標(biāo)的影響。試驗(yàn)選取300只90日齡體重相近健康無病的蘆花雞隨機(jī)分成3組,每組5個重復(fù),每個重復(fù)20只。對照組飼喂基礎(chǔ)飼糧,試驗(yàn)組一在基礎(chǔ)飼糧中添加2%中草藥；試驗(yàn)組二添加4%的中草藥制劑。試驗(yàn)共61天,預(yù)飼期5天,正式試驗(yàn)期56天。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：(1)生長性能：試驗(yàn)組平均日增重均高于對照組,試驗(yàn)組二比對照組提高了15.11%,差異顯著(P0.05)；平均采食量試驗(yàn)組二同對照組相比提高了10.10%,差異顯著(P0.05)；F/G各試驗(yàn)組均低于對照組,試驗(yàn)組二與對照組相比差異顯著(P0.05),且隨著中草藥添加量的增多呈下降趨勢。(2)營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)表觀消化率：試驗(yàn)組二的粗蛋白質(zhì)的消化率顯著高于對照組(P0.05),高出了3.30%；試驗(yàn)組二的粗纖維消化率顯著高于對照組(P0.05),高出了3.91%；各試驗(yàn)組的干物質(zhì)、粗脂肪、粗灰分、及鈣磷的表觀消化率均高于對照組,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。(3)屠宰性能：隨著中草藥劑量增加,活體重、胸部重和腿部重呈上升趨勢,試驗(yàn)組與對照組相比差異不顯著(P0.05)；胸肌率和腿肌率各試驗(yàn)組均高于對照組,且各組間呈上升趨勢,但差異不顯著(P0.05)；腹脂率逐漸降低,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。(4)肌肉品質(zhì)：腿部滴水損失各試驗(yàn)組均低于對照組,且與對照組相比,試驗(yàn)組二差異顯著(P0.05)；剪切力值試驗(yàn)組低于對照組,各組間差異不顯著(P0.05)；對照組的肉色L,a,b值與各試驗(yàn)組均表現(xiàn)一定的差異,試驗(yàn)組二效果明顯(P0.05)；PH24值各組間無明顯差異(P0.05)。胸部PH24各試驗(yàn)組高于對照組,試驗(yàn)組二表現(xiàn)差異顯著(P0.05)；剪切力值試驗(yàn)組二低于對照組,差異顯著(P0.05),其余各組間差異不顯著(P0.05)；b值試驗(yàn)組一、二同對照組相比均降低,且差異顯著(P0.05)；各組間滴水損失和L、a值差異不顯著(P0.05)。(5)肌肉營養(yǎng)成分含量：隨著中草藥添加劑水平的提高,胸部和腿部肌肉中蛋白質(zhì)和灰分的含量呈上升趨勢,且對照組與各試驗(yàn)組之間差異顯著(P0.05)；粗脂肪的含量呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢,但是各組間差異不顯著(P0.05)；肌肉水分含量各試驗(yàn)組與對照組間無顯著性差異(P0.05)。(6)血液生化指標(biāo)：血液中總蛋白的含量各試驗(yàn)組均高于對照組,且試驗(yàn)組二表現(xiàn)差異顯著(P0.05)；白蛋白的含量各試驗(yàn)組均有提高,試驗(yàn)組二效果最明顯；GPT和GOT活性試驗(yàn)組二和對照組相比差異顯著(P0.05),其余各組間差異不顯著(P0.05)；總膽固醇含量各試驗(yàn)組均表現(xiàn)顯著低于試驗(yàn)的對照組(P0.05)；低密度脂蛋白各試驗(yàn)組均低于對照組,試驗(yàn)組一、二表現(xiàn)差異顯著(P0.05)；同時,高密度脂蛋白和免疫球蛋白A、G、M各組間差異不顯著(P0.05),但各試驗(yàn)組均略高于對照組。(7)腸道菌群：隨著中草藥添加劑量的增多乳酸桿菌數(shù)呈現(xiàn)上升的趨勢,各試驗(yàn)組與對照組相比差異顯著(P0.05)；大腸桿菌數(shù)對照組與各試驗(yàn)組相比也表現(xiàn)差異顯著(P0.05),且隨著中草藥添加量的增多呈現(xiàn)下降的趨勢,試驗(yàn)組二效果最明顯。(8)肉質(zhì)纖維：隨著中草藥劑量的增加,各組肌纖維的直徑呈略下降趨勢,肌纖維的密度呈上升趨勢；但是各組間直徑和密度之間差異不顯著(P0.05)；說明中草藥的添加對肌纖維的性狀無明顯的影響。(9)脂肪酸含量：隨著中草藥添加劑含量的增加,飽和脂肪酸肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸呈下降趨勢,不飽和脂肪酸的含量呈上升趨勢,其中腿部棕櫚油酸的含量試驗(yàn)組二顯著高于對照組(P0.05),必需脂肪酸(亞油酸、亞麻酸和花生四烯酸)的含量均呈上升趨勢,花生四烯酸的含量試驗(yàn)組二提高50%(P0.05),亞油酸的含量試驗(yàn)組二比對照組提高8.15%(P0.05),其余各組差異不顯著(P0.05)；胸部棕櫚油酸的含量試驗(yàn)組二顯著高于對照組(P0.05),油酸的含量試驗(yàn)組二比對照組提高6.76%(P0.05),其余各組間差異不顯著(P0.05)。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：在林下雞飼糧中添加中草藥制劑可以提高林下雞的生長性能和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)表觀消化率；可以改善林下雞的肉質(zhì)理化特性和腸道菌群,提高肉質(zhì)性狀；可以提高林下雞血液中總蛋白的含量,降低膽固醇、甘油三酯的含量和GOT和GPT活性；飽和脂肪酸肉豆蔻酸、硬脂酸呈下降趨勢,不飽和必需脂肪酸的含量呈上升趨勢；對林下蘆花雞血液免疫指標(biāo)和屠宰性能無顯著影響。綜合本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,中草藥添加劑的適宜添加量為4%,即2%松針粉+1%黃芪+1%刺五加組。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the effects of Chinese herbal medicine additives ( pine needle powder , astragalus root and acanthopanax root compound preparation ) on growth performance , meat quality and blood indexes of chicken under forest .
The results showed that : ( 1 ) Growth performance : The average daily gain of the test group was higher than that of the control group , and the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( 15.11 % ) and the difference was significant ( P0.05 ) .
Compared with the control group , the average feed intake increased by 10 . 10 % , and the difference was significant ( P 0 . 05 ) .
( 2 ) The digestibility of crude protein in the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P0.05 ) , which was 3.30 % higher than that of the control group ( P0.05 ) .
The digestibility of crude fiber in the test group was significantly higher than that of the control group ( P0.05 ) , which was 3.91 % higher than that of the control group ( P0.05 ) .
The apparent digestibility of dry matter , crude fat , crude ash and calcium phosphorus in each test group were higher than those in the control group , but the difference was not significant ( P0.05 ) . ( 3 ) The slaughter performance : With the increase of the dosage of Chinese herbal medicine , the living body weight , the weight of the chest and the weight of the legs increased , the difference between the test group and the control group was not significant ( P0.05 ) ;
The rates of chest muscle and leg muscle were higher than those in control group , but the difference was not significant ( P0.05 ) .
( 4 ) Muscle quality : the loss of leg drops was lower than that of control group , and the difference of test group was significant ( P0.05 ) .
The shear force value test group was lower than that of the control group , and the difference between the groups was not significant ( P0.05 ) .
The results showed that the color L , a , b of the control group were different from those of the control group , and the test group had obvious effect ( P0.05 ) .
There was no significant difference between groups of PH24 ( P0.05 ) .
There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P0.05 ) .
Compared with the control group , the difference was significant ( P0.05 ) .
( 5 ) The content of protein and ash in the muscles of the chest and leg increased with the increase of the level of Chinese herbal medicine additive , and the difference between the control group and the test group was significant ( P0.05 ) .
The content of crude fat showed a decreasing trend , but there was no significant difference among the groups ( P0.05 ) .
There was no significant difference between test group and control group ( P0.05 ) .
The results showed that the content of albumin increased and the test group had the most obvious effect .
Compared with the control group , there was no significant difference between the two groups ( P0.05 ) .
The total cholesterol content in each test group was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P0.05 ) .
Low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) test group was lower than that of control group ( P0.05 ) .
At the same time , the difference between the high density lipoprotein and immunoglobulin A , G and M was not significant ( P0.05 ) , but the test group was slightly higher than that of the control group .
Compared with the control group , the number of E . coli showed a significant difference compared with the test group ( P0.05 ) , and with the increase of the dosage of Chinese herbal medicine , the effect of the test group was the most obvious . ( 8 ) The meat fiber : With the increase of the dosage of Chinese herbal medicine , the diameter of the muscle fibers decreased slightly , and the density of the muscle fibers increased ;
But there was no significant difference between the diameter and the density of each group ( P0.05 ) .
The content of fatty acids ( linoleic acid , linolenic acid and arachidonic acid ) increased by 50 % ( P0.05 ) , and the content of linoleic acid increased by 8 . 15 % ( P0.05 ) .
Compared with the control group ( P0.05 ) , the content of oleic acid increased by 6.76 % ( P0.05 ) .
can improve the physical and chemical characteristics and intestinal flora of the chicken in the forest , and improve the meat quality ;
the content of the total protein in the blood of the chicken under the forest can be improved , the content of cholesterol and triglyceride and the activity of GOT and GPT can be reduced ;
The content of unsaturated fatty acids increased with the decreasing trend of saturated fatty acid myristoic acid and stearic acid .
There was no significant influence on the blood immune index and the slaughter performance of the chicken under the forest . The results of this experiment showed that the suitable adding amount of the Chinese herbal medicine additive was 4 % , that is , 2 % pine needle powder + 1 % astragalus + 1 % acanthopanax group .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：延邊大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831.5

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