本文選題：荷斯坦奶牛 + 產(chǎn)奶性狀��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究利用武漢市揚(yáng)子江乳業(yè)有限公司武湖牧場2006~2014年間963頭處于1~10胎次的泌乳荷斯坦奶牛的1771個(gè)泌乳期的繁殖和產(chǎn)奶性能記錄(其中包括2009-2014年間牧場參加DHI測定以來的30254條產(chǎn)奶量記錄、28169條乳脂率記錄、24562條乳蛋白率記錄和1568條產(chǎn)犢間隔記錄)以及母牛和部分公牛的系譜記錄,采用SPSS的最小二乘方差分析GLM過程,分析了胎次、產(chǎn)犢季節(jié)、產(chǎn)犢年份、初產(chǎn)月齡對(duì)305d產(chǎn)奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和產(chǎn)犢間隔等指標(biāo)的影響。根據(jù)顯著性結(jié)果確定了固定效應(yīng),利用動(dòng)物模型BLUP法通過MTDFREML程序計(jì)算牛群的遺傳參數(shù)(遺傳力、重復(fù)力和遺傳相關(guān)),同時(shí)計(jì)算了各性狀的固定效應(yīng)值,分析了牛群的遺傳進(jìn)展。結(jié)果如下:(1)胎次對(duì)305d產(chǎn)奶量、乳蛋白率、產(chǎn)犢間隔影響均極顯著(P0.01),對(duì)乳脂率影響顯著(P0.05);產(chǎn)犢季節(jié)對(duì)305d產(chǎn)奶量、乳脂率影響極顯著(P0.01),對(duì)乳蛋白率、產(chǎn)犢間隔影響顯著(P0.05);產(chǎn)犢年份對(duì)305d產(chǎn)奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和產(chǎn)犢間隔均影響極顯著(P0.01);初產(chǎn)月齡對(duì)305d產(chǎn)奶量和產(chǎn)犢間隔影響極顯著(P0.01),對(duì)乳脂率和乳蛋白率影響不顯著(P0.05);產(chǎn)奶量對(duì)產(chǎn)犢間隔影響極顯著(P0.01)。(2)產(chǎn)奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和產(chǎn)犢間隔的遺傳力分別為0.25、0.18、0.13、0.03;重復(fù)力分別為0.28、0.35、0.33、0.09。(3)305d產(chǎn)奶量和乳脂率、乳蛋白率之間存在中等以下強(qiáng)度的遺傳負(fù)相關(guān)(-0.41~-0.32),305d產(chǎn)奶量和產(chǎn)犢間隔之間存在中等以下強(qiáng)度的遺傳正相關(guān)(0.33),產(chǎn)犢間隔和乳脂率、乳蛋白率之間存在弱正遺傳相關(guān)。(4)從2006年至2014年間牛群的305d產(chǎn)奶量、乳脂率、乳蛋白率和產(chǎn)犢間隔表型和遺傳水平在波動(dòng)中呈上升或延長趨勢(shì),尤其是參加湖北省DHI測試以來,產(chǎn)奶量和乳蛋白率的表型和遺傳水平穩(wěn)步提升。說明DHI對(duì)牛群的遺傳改良具有重大作用。
[Abstract]:In this study, the reproductive and milking performance records of 1771 lactating Holstein cows were recorded during their lactation period from 2006 to 2014 in Wuhan Yangzijiang Dairy Industry Co., Ltd. (including the DHI determination of pastures in 2009-2014). 30254 milk yield records since 2001, including 28, 169 milk fat records and 24, 562 milk protein rates and 1568 calving intervals) and pedigree records of cows and some bulls. The effects of birth order, calving season, calving year and age of first trimester on milk yield, milk fat rate, milk protein rate and calving interval were analyzed by using SPSS's least square analysis of variance (GLM) process. According to the significant results, the fixed effect was determined, and the genetic parameters (heritability, repeatability and genetic correlation) of cattle were calculated by MTDFREML program using BLUP method of animal model, and the fixed effect values of each trait were calculated, and the genetic progress of cattle population was analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) the effects of birth order on milk yield, milk protein rate and calving interval were very significant (P 0.01) and milk fat ratio (P 0.05), milk fat ratio (P 0.01) and milk protein rate (P 0.01) were significantly affected by calving season. The calving interval had a significant effect on the milk yield and fat rate of 305d calving. The milk protein rate and calving interval had a significant effect on milk yield and calving interval of 305d, but not on milk fat rate and milk protein rate. Milk yield had a significant effect on calving interval (P 0.01 路2). The heritability of milk protein rate and calving interval were 0.25 / 0.18 / 0.130.03, respectively, and the repeatability were 0.28 / 0.35/ 0.30.3/ 0.39 / 3 / 305d milk yield and milk fat rate, respectively, and the heritability of milk protein and calving interval were 0.25 / 0.18 / 0.130.03 and 0.28 / 0.35 respectively, respectively. There was a negative genetic negative correlation between milk protein rate and milk yield below moderate intensity. There was a positive correlation between milk yield and calving interval, and there was a positive correlation between milk protein rate and calving interval, calving interval and milk fat rate. From 2006 to 2014, the milk yield, milk fat rate, milk protein rate and phenotypic interval and genetic level of milk protein increased or prolonged, especially since the DHI test in Hubei province. The phenotypic and genetic level of milk yield and milk protein rate increased steadily. The results suggest that DHI plays an important role in the genetic improvement of cattle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S823

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本文編號(hào)：1843837