發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-04 15:11

  本文選題：禽白血病 + J亞群禽白血病病毒��； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：禽白血病(avian leukosis,AL)是指由反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒科禽反轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒屬禽白血病病毒(avianleukosisvirus,ALV)引起的以禽類(lèi)造血組織中一些細(xì)胞成分大量增生而導(dǎo)致的一類(lèi)傳染性腫瘤疾病。根據(jù)病毒包膜蛋白的抗原性差異、病毒干擾實(shí)驗(yàn)、宿主范圍等生物學(xué)特性,ALV主要被分為A-J共10個(gè)亞群以及2012年新發(fā)現(xiàn)的K亞群。AL主要引起雞群生長(zhǎng)、產(chǎn)蛋率等生產(chǎn)性能降低以及腫瘤發(fā)生,同時(shí)還會(huì)引起感染雞機(jī)體抵抗力下降和免疫抑制,給養(yǎng)殖業(yè)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。近年來(lái)各地方品系雞群中不同程度的各亞群混合感染比較普遍,這不僅可導(dǎo)致致病性更強(qiáng),還有可能造成病毒的重組,給AL的防控帶來(lái)更大的挑戰(zhàn)。目前還沒(méi)有用于預(yù)防和治療AL的有效疫苗和藥物,疾病的防控主要是通過(guò)種群凈化。廣西是我國(guó)地方品種雞資源最豐富的省份之一,有許多優(yōu)良的地方品系已得到很好的繁育和商業(yè)開(kāi)發(fā)利用,白血病的凈化工作就顯得非常重要。本研究選擇比較有特色的地方優(yōu)勢(shì)品種三黃雞為研究對(duì)象,選擇目前生產(chǎn)量最大的DGGX4公司的三黃雞配套系的A、B、C三個(gè)純系的種群開(kāi)展凈化工作。實(shí)施以逐個(gè)個(gè)體檢測(cè)以及淘汰陽(yáng)性個(gè)體、選留陰性個(gè)體繁育,實(shí)施嚴(yán)格生物安全措施防止種蛋污染及其后代雞的水平感染,杜絕疫苗污染等為主要措施的凈化方案,經(jīng)過(guò)8個(gè)世代的連續(xù)凈化,A、B、C三個(gè)純系種群母雞樣品ALV-p27抗原陽(yáng)性率分別由零世代的44.36%、8.14%、7.9%下降至七世代的0.80%、0.91%、0.94%;公雞分別由零世代的肛拭p27抗原陽(yáng)性率45.36%、17.50%、15.45%下降至七世代的ALV分離陽(yáng)性率1.46%、2.64%、1.64%;七世代時(shí)A、B、C三個(gè)系的ALV-A/B抗體陽(yáng)性率分別下降至 4.34%、2.17%、3.26%,ALV-J 抗體陽(yáng)性率也下降至 6.52%、5.43%、6.52%,凈化工作有效,凈化效果理想。課題通過(guò)利用臨床病例分離獲得的ALV對(duì)1日齡三黃雞進(jìn)行腹腔接種,研究J亞群ALV(ALV-J)單獨(dú)感染及三個(gè)亞群ALV(ALV-M:ALV-A、ALV-B和ALV-J)混合感染的致病性。結(jié)果兩組感染均成功復(fù)制到臨床的發(fā)病,病雞體型瘦弱且發(fā)育不良,雞冠蒼白,腳墊、肝臟、小腸漿膜、腎臟等處看到血管瘤,肝、脾腫大且表面有灰白色腫瘤結(jié)節(jié),腎臟長(zhǎng)出球型腫瘤。在雞的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育上表現(xiàn)出不同程度的抑制,從第5周開(kāi)始感染組雞只的體重均極顯著低于未感染對(duì)照組(P0.01);免疫器官的發(fā)育均受到影響,感染雞胸腺比重在1W、5W、11W時(shí)均極顯著低于未感染對(duì)照組(P0.01),法氏囊比重在1W時(shí)均顯著高于未感染對(duì)照組(P0.05),脾臟比重在11W時(shí)均極顯著高于未感染對(duì)照組(P0.01);感染組雞只對(duì)NDV、AIV-H5和H9疫苗免疫的抗體應(yīng)答均表現(xiàn)不同程度的抑制;病理組織學(xué)檢查,肝組織間可見(jiàn)大量浸潤(rùn)的淋巴細(xì)胞和髓細(xì)胞樣瘤細(xì)胞,腎臟腫瘤可見(jiàn)大量彌漫性增生的髓細(xì)胞樣腫瘤細(xì)胞,胞漿高度嗜酸性;血常規(guī)指標(biāo)檢測(cè)顯示,感染組的淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)和白細(xì)胞數(shù)在21W時(shí)顯著低于未感染對(duì)照組(P0.05),CD4+/CD8+T比值在11W時(shí)極顯著低于未感染對(duì)照組(P0.01)。表明感染雞的機(jī)體免疫功能均受到明顯抑制,而且混合感染的抑制作用強(qiáng)于單獨(dú)感染。
[Abstract]:Avian leukosis (AL) is a kind of infectious tumor disease caused by the large proliferation of some cell components in the avian hematopoietic tissue caused by the avian antiretroviral virus (avianleukosisvirus, ALV) of the antiretroviral family. According to the antigenicity difference of the virus envelope protein, the virus interference experiment, the host range Such as the biological characteristics, ALV is divided into 10 subgroups of A-J, and the newly discovered K subgroup,.AL, in 2012, mainly caused the growth of chicken group, the production performance of the egg production and the tumorigenesis, and also caused the decline of the resistance of the chicken body and the immunosuppression, which brought serious economic loss to the breeding industry. The mixed infection of different subgroups in different degrees is common, which not only leads to stronger pathogenicity, but also may cause the recombinant of the virus, which brings more challenges to the prevention and control of AL. There are no effective vaccines and drugs for the prevention and treatment of AL. The prevention and control of the disease is mainly through population purification. Guangxi is a local breed of chicken in China. In one of the most abundant provinces, many excellent local strains have been well bred and commercially exploited, and the purification of leukemia is very important. This study chose three yellow chickens, the most distinctive local dominant varieties, to choose the A, B, and C three of the three yellow chicken supporting lines of the most productive DGGX4 company. The purification work of the population of the pure line was carried out. The purification scheme was carried out by individual detection and elimination of positive individuals, the selection of negative individual breeding, strict biological safety measures to prevent the pollution of eggs and the horizontal infection of the offspring of the chickens, and the elimination of vaccine pollution as the main measures. After 8 generations of purification, A, B, and C were purified. The positive rates of ALV-p27 antigen in hens were decreased from 44.36%, 8.14%, 7.9% to 0.80%, 0.91%, 0.94% in the seven generation, respectively, and the positive rate of the p27 antigen was 45.36%, 17.50% and 15.45% from zero generation to 45.36%, 17.50%, and 15.45%, 1.46%, 2.64%, and 1.64%, respectively, and the positive rates of ALV-A/B antibody in A, B, and C lines were respectively under the generation of generations. To 4.34%, 2.17%, 3.26%, the positive rate of ALV-J antibody also decreased to 6.52%, 5.43%, 6.52%, the purification work was effective and the purification effect was ideal. Through the peritoneal inoculation of 1 day old three yellow chickens by using ALV isolated from clinical cases, the J subgroup ALV (ALV-J) and three subgroups of ALV (ALV-M:ALV-A, ALV-B and ALV-J) mixed infection were studied. Results all the two groups were successfully replicated to the clinical disease. The sick chicken was thin and dysplastic. The crest of the chicken, the pads, the liver, the small intestine serosa, the kidneys, and the kidney and other places saw the hemangioma, the liver, the splenomegaly and the grayish white tumor nodules, the kidney grew out of the ball type tumor. The growth and development of the chicken showed different degrees of inhibition, from fifth weeks. The weight of the chickens in the beginning of infection was significantly lower than that of the uninfected control group (P0.01), and the development of the immune organs were all affected. The specific gravity of the infected chicken thymus was significantly lower than that of the uninfected control group at 1W, 5W and 11W (P0.01). The specific gravity of the bursa of the Fabricius was significantly higher than that of the non infected control group (P0.05), while the proportion of the spleen was significantly higher than that of the non infected group (P0.05). Infection control group (P0.01); the antibody response of chickens infected with NDV, AIV-H5 and H9 was inhibited in varying degrees; histopathological examination revealed a large number of infiltrating lymphocytes and myeloid cell like tumor cells between the liver tissues, and a large number of diffuse proliferative myeloid tumor cells and highly eosinophilic cytoplasm in renal tumors. The routine test showed that the number of lymphocytes and the number of leukocytes in the infected group were significantly lower than that of the uninfected control group (P0.05) at 21W, while the CD4+/CD8+T ratio was significantly lower than that of the uninfected control group (P0.01) at 11W, indicating that the immune function of the infected chickens was significantly inhibited, and the inhibition of mixed infection was stronger than that of the isolated infection.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S858.31

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