本文選題：發(fā)酵床 + 復合菌種　； 參考：《甘肅農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著養(yǎng)豬業(yè)向集約化模式的發(fā)展,在提高生產率的同時,每年也產生了數量巨大的糞便和污水,對環(huán)境安全造成了威脅,因此生豬糞尿如何處理成為發(fā)展現代養(yǎng)豬業(yè)首要考慮的問題。發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)豬技術是解決該問題的措施之一,并在生產實踐中取得了較好的效果。目前,商業(yè)菌種和土著菌種是傳統(tǒng)發(fā)酵床的主要菌種,而商業(yè)菌種質量參差不齊,價格相對較高,引進的土著菌種應用效果差,導致發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)殖成本高、利潤降低,所以需要選擇適合本地區(qū)的菌種進行替代來降低生產成本,提高經濟效益。為篩選適宜于在西北地區(qū)推廣發(fā)酵床養(yǎng)豬的菌種,本研究以蘭州當地菌種、實驗室保存的纖維素分解菌群和購買的商業(yè)菌種為供試材料,通過模擬發(fā)酵床進行試驗。共設了7個處理組合,分別為:100%土著菌種(A1)、100%纖維素分解菌群(A2)、100%商業(yè)發(fā)酵菌種(A3)、30%土著菌種+70%纖維素分解菌群(B1)、70%土著菌種+30%纖維素分解菌群(B2)、50%土著菌種+50%纖維素分解菌群(B3)、不添加任何發(fā)酵菌種(CK)。試驗期共計60d,前10d為發(fā)酵成熟階段,以后每7d為1期,共7期,從酵熟后開始,每7d早上10時添加一次豬糞。試驗前、第25d、第40d下午15時向A1、A2、B1、B2和B3處理組添加等量的菌種和營養(yǎng)液。通過測定溫度、pH值、有機質、全氮、粗纖維、銨態(tài)氮等指標,結合成本分析,綜合判斷發(fā)酵效果,取得了以下結果:1)從發(fā)酵溫度來看,添加70%土著菌種+30%纖維素分解菌群的B2組在30cm處平均溫度最高(37.66±1.32℃),與其他組差異顯著(P0.05)。2)在整個試驗過程中,A1、A2、A3、B1、B2和B3組的pH值始終比CK組低,其中,B2組pH值最低,顯著低于CK組(P0.05)。各試驗組的pH值均處在7.0~8.5之間,在適宜微生物生長的范圍內。3)各試驗組銨態(tài)氮含量前期快速上升,達到最大值后,由于固氮微生物大量活動及NH3的大量揮發(fā),含量逐漸降低。到第6期時,A1、A2、A3、B1、B2和B3組銨態(tài)氮含量顯著低于CK組(P0.05)。4)C/N在整個試驗過程中,均呈現持續(xù)下降的趨勢,其中,A1、B2和B3組下降趨勢明顯大于其他組(P0.05)。到第7期時,各試驗組C/N仍保持在20以上,其中B2組C/N最低為(21.24±0.46)。5)各試驗組粗纖維的含量總體呈下降趨勢,而降解率呈先上升后下降的趨勢,其中在11~35d降解率最大。到第7期時,A2、B2組粗纖維的總降解率分別為44.38%和45.08%,比CK組高7.44%和8.14%。6)各試驗組全氮和有機質含量總體呈降低趨勢。其中,A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3和CK組全氮含量分別比初始降低了36.8%、33.3%、29.6%、30.4%、27.1%、38.6%和29.7%;有機質含量分別比初始降低了12.15%、9.97%、11.47%、11.53%、11.66%、12.07%、12.76%。7)成本分析結果表明,發(fā)酵床的制作成本,B1、B2和B3組之間差異不顯著,A1成本最低,A3成本最高。以上結果表明,B2組發(fā)酵的溫度相對較高、pH值適宜、C/N調整較好、發(fā)酵后營養(yǎng)養(yǎng)分含量高,整體發(fā)酵效果最為理想。綜合經濟因素,在本試驗條件下,初步確定70%土著菌種+30%的纖維素分解菌群的組合應用于發(fā)酵床效果較好。
[Abstract]:With the development of pig industry to intensive mode, while increasing productivity, it also produces a huge amount of excrement and sewage every year, which poses a threat to environmental safety. Therefore, how to deal with pig feces has become the primary consideration in the development of modern pig industry. The technology of pig raising in fermenting bed is one of the measures to solve the problem and has achieved good results in production practice. At present, commercial and indigenous strains are the main strains of traditional fermenting beds, but commercial strains are of uneven quality and relatively high price. The imported indigenous strains have poor application effect, which leads to high cost and low profit of fermenting bed culture. Therefore, it is necessary to select the strains suitable for this area to reduce the production cost and improve economic efficiency. In order to select the strains suitable for the promotion of fermenting bed for pig breeding in Northwest China, the experiment was carried out on a simulated fermenting bed with native strains, cellulosic decomposing bacteria stored in the laboratory and commercial strains purchased in Lanzhou as the test materials. There are seven treatment combinations, The results were as follows: (1) 100% acellolytic bacteria, 100% cellulose decomposition bacteria, 100% commercial fermentation strains, 30% indigenous strains, 70% cellulose decomposing bacteria, 70% indigenous strains, 30% cellulose decomposition bacteria, 50% cellulose decomposing bacteria, without adding any fermentation species. The experiment period was 60 days, the first 10 days was the stage of fermentation maturation, and every 7 days after 7 days was 1 stage, a total of 7 periods. The pig manure was added at 10:00 every 7 days after fermentation. Before the experiment, at 15:00 on the 25th day and the 40th day, the same amount of bacteria and nutrient solution were added to the treatment group A _ (1) A _ (2) B _ (1) B _ (1) B _ (2) B _ (2) and B _ (3). By measuring the pH value of temperature, organic matter, total nitrogen, crude fiber, ammonium nitrogen and so on, combined with cost analysis, the fermentation effect was judged synthetically, and the following results were obtained: 1) from the point of view of fermentation temperature, The average temperature of group B2 was the highest at 30cm (37.66 鹵1.32 鈩，

本文編號：1831039