本文選題：模擬增溫 + 圍欄封育��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院(地球環(huán)境研究所)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：碳循環(huán)是生物地球化學(xué)循環(huán)中主要的組成部分之一,是一個(gè)生命關(guān)鍵元素從外部環(huán)境進(jìn)入到生物體再最終返回到外部環(huán)境中的過程。陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)不僅受到全球氣候變化和人類活動的影響,同時(shí),陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)也反饋于氣候變化和人類活動。這一過程為地球上的生命體提供了物質(zhì)循環(huán)與能量流動的驅(qū)動力,很多生命關(guān)鍵要素都參與其中。研究生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)每個(gè)組分對全球變化是如何響應(yīng)的,對我們更準(zhǔn)確的理解碳循環(huán)與氣候變化間的反饋有重要的意義。然而我們目前對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)對外界干擾的響應(yīng)的理解還相對比較薄弱。我們采用了國際凍原計(jì)劃所指定的開頂箱模擬增溫實(shí)驗(yàn)(OTC)研究了青海湖北岸高寒草甸化草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)對模擬增溫的響應(yīng)。同時(shí)我們也觀測了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)過程對自由放牧和圍欄封育的響應(yīng)。OTC模擬增溫顯著地增加了土壤溫度,但卻降低了土壤濕度。三年的野外控制實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果表明,OTC模擬增溫樣地的土壤溫度平均比對照樣地的土壤溫度高1.03 oC,而OTC模擬增溫樣地的土壤濕度要比對照樣地的土壤濕度低3.7%。同時(shí),模擬增溫也顯著地增加了地上生物量和地下生物量,與對照樣地相比三年的模擬增溫實(shí)驗(yàn)平均增加了地上生物量的17.4%,也平均增加了地下生物量的24.3%。模擬增溫還顯著地改變了群落的物種組成,與對照樣地相比,模擬增溫顯著地增加了禾草科、豆科、和莎草科物種的重要性,但是降低了雜草科物種的重要性。各物種的生物量累積也發(fā)生了變化,與對照樣地相比模擬增溫分別增加了禾草科、豆科、和莎草科地上生物量的12.9%,27.6%,和21.5%,但對雜草地上生物量沒有影響。土壤呼吸和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸對我們實(shí)驗(yàn)中的的增溫(約1度)響應(yīng)不顯著。但是土壤呼吸和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸的組分對模擬增溫有顯著的響應(yīng)。我們?nèi)甑囊巴庥^測表明,與對照樣地相比,模擬增溫顯著地增加了地上植物呼吸的28.7%,和總植物呼吸的19.9%;與此相反,模擬增溫降低了土壤異養(yǎng)呼吸的10.4%。模擬增溫對地下植物呼吸沒有顯著地影響。同時(shí),模擬增溫也改變了不同生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸組分對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸的貢獻(xiàn)。與對照樣地相比,模擬增溫增加了地上植物呼吸和總植物呼吸對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸貢獻(xiàn)的17.3%和8.4%;但是模擬增溫降低了土壤呼吸和土壤異養(yǎng)呼吸對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸貢獻(xiàn)的10.8%和19.0%。多元回歸分析表明,土壤濕度在不同生態(tài)呼吸組分中都起著重要的作用,這表明土壤呼吸和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸對模擬增溫的不敏感性可能和模擬增溫導(dǎo)致的水分降低有關(guān)。另外模擬增溫引起的地上植物呼吸和總植物呼吸與增溫引起的地上生物量的增加顯著相關(guān),而模擬增溫引起的土壤異養(yǎng)呼吸的降低和增溫引起的微生物碳含量的降低顯著相關(guān)。模擬增溫分別增加了凈生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換和總生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換的31.0%和18.7%。otc模擬增溫引起的土壤溫度和土壤濕度的改變不足以解釋模擬增溫引起的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換過程。然而,模擬增溫引起的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換過程和模擬增溫引起的植物功能群落的改變是密切相關(guān)的。我們的研究表明,otc模擬增溫引起的群落結(jié)構(gòu)的改變會明顯的改變生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換過程。與自由放牧樣地相比,圍欄封育顯著地增加了土壤濕度的但降低了土壤溫度。同時(shí),與自由放牧樣地相比,圍欄封育也增加了地上生物量的40.5%,降低了土壤微生物碳含量,但對地下生物量沒有影響。圍欄封育顯著地降低了土壤呼吸的23.35%,但圍欄封育增加了凈生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換的47.37%,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸的36.55%,和總生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換的33.14%。多元線性回歸表明,圍欄封育引起的土壤呼吸的降低和圍欄封育引起的土壤溫度和濕度的變化,以及圍欄封育引起的土壤微生物碳的降低顯著相關(guān)。圍欄封育引起的凈生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸、和總生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換和圍欄封育引起的生物量的變化顯著相關(guān)。我們的研究表明圍欄封育是一個(gè)有效的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)固碳方式。模擬增溫顯著地降低了土壤呼吸和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸的溫度敏感性。我們的研究表明,模擬增溫和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)間的正反饋?zhàn)饔每赡軟]有我們之前預(yù)測的那么強(qiáng)烈。然而圍欄封育增加了土壤呼吸和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)呼吸的溫度敏感性,我們的研究表明盡管圍欄封育是一種有效的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)固碳方式,然而圍欄封育樣地所固定碳在將來全球變暖的背景下更容易被分解。我們的研究結(jié)果表明模擬增溫和圍欄封育都會顯著地影響到生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán),當(dāng)我們考慮到生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳循環(huán)的過程的時(shí)候需要把這些因素引起的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)碳交換的變化考慮在內(nèi)。同時(shí),模擬增溫和圍欄封育間可能有一些交互作用,我們以后的研究應(yīng)更多的關(guān)注于他們的交互作用。
[Abstract]:Carbon cycle is one of the main components of the biogeochemical cycle. It is a process that a vital element of life enters from the external environment to the organism and then returns to the external environment. The carbon cycle of the terrestrial ecosystem is not only affected by the global climate change and human activity, but also the carbon cycle of the terrestrial ecosystem. Climate change and human activity. This process provides the life body on the earth with the driving force of material circulation and energy flow, and many key elements of life are involved. It is important to study how each component of the carbon cycle responds to the global change, and it is important for us to more accurately understand the feedback between carbon cycle and climate change. However, we are still relatively weak in understanding the response of the ecosystem carbon cycle to external disturbances. We used the open top box simulated temperature increase experiment (OTC) designated by the international tundra program to study the response of the carbon cycle of the alpine meadow ecosystem on the North Bank of the Qinghai Lake to the simulated temperature increase. The response of the ecosystem carbon cycle to the response to free grazing and enclosure closure significantly increased the soil temperature, but decreased the soil moisture. The results of the field control experiments in three years showed that the soil temperature of the OTC simulated temperature increasing sample was 1.03 oC higher than that of the same soil, and the soil temperature of the simulated temperature increasing sample was three. The soil moisture content is lower than the soil moisture 3.7%., and the simulated temperature increase also significantly increases the aboveground biomass and the subsurface biomass. Compared with the control sample, the simulated temperature increase experiment in three years increases 17.4% of the aboveground biomass, and the average increase of the 24.3%. simulated temperature of the underground biomass also significantly changes the community. Compared with the control plots, the simulated temperature increase significantly increased the importance of the grasses, legumes, and the sedge species, but reduced the importance of the weeds species. The biomass accumulation of each species also changed. Compared with the control plots, the simulated warming was added to 12.9% of the grasses, legumes, and the sedge. 27.6%, and 21.5%, but had no effect on the aboveground biomass. Soil respiration and ecosystem respiration did not respond significantly to the temperature increase (about 1 degrees) in our experiments. But soil respiration and ecosystem respiration had a significant response to simulated temperature increase. Our three year field survey showed that the simulated temperature increased significantly compared with the control sample. At the same time, 28.7% of the plant respiration and 19.9% of the total plant respiration were increased. On the contrary, the simulated temperature increase reduced the 10.4%. simulated temperature increase of soil heterotrophic respiration not significantly affecting the respiration of the plant. Meanwhile, the simulated temperature increase also changed the contribution of different ecosystem respiration components to the ecosystem respiration. Simulated warming increased the contribution of plant respiration and total plant respiration to ecosystem respiration by 17.3% and 8.4%, but the 10.8% and 19.0%. multivariate regression analysis of soil respiration and soil heterotrophic respiration to ecosystem respiration showed that soil humidity played an important role in different ecologic respiratory components. It is indicated that the insensitivity of soil respiration and ecosystem respiration to simulated temperature increase may be related to the water reduction caused by simulated temperature increasing. In addition, the increase of aboveground biomass caused by plant respiration and total plant respiration is significantly related to the increase of aboveground biomass caused by simulated temperature increasing, and the decrease of soil heterotrophic respiration and increasing temperature induced by simulated temperature increase. The reduction of carbon exchange in the net ecosystem and the carbon exchange of the total ecosystem, respectively, increased the soil temperature and soil moisture content caused by the 31% and 18.7%.otc simulation increases in the net ecosystem. The system carbon exchange process is closely related to the change of plant functional community caused by simulated temperature increasing. Our study shows that the changes in the community structure caused by the OTC simulated temperature increase will obviously change the carbon exchange process of the ecosystem. The soil moisture content is significantly increased but the soil temperature is reduced significantly compared with the free grazing plots. At the same time, compared with the free grazing land, the enclosure was also increased by 40.5% of the aboveground biomass, reducing the soil microbial carbon content, but having no effect on the soil biomass. The enclosure closure significantly reduced the soil respiration by 23.35%, but the enclosure was increased by 47.37% of the net ecosystem carbon exchange, 36.55% of the ecosystem respiration. 33.14%. multiple linear regression of the ecosystem carbon exchange showed that the decrease of soil respiration caused by enclosure and the change of soil temperature and humidity caused by enclosure closure, as well as the decrease of soil microbial carbon caused by enclosure closure were significant. The net ecosystem carbon exchange, ecosystem respiration, and total ecology caused by enclosure closure were caused by enclosure closure. Our study shows that enclosure closure is an effective ecosystem carbon fixation method. The simulated temperature increase significantly reduces the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration and ecosystem respiration. Our study shows that the model increases the positive and negative effects of the carbon cycle in the ecosystem. Feeding may not be as strong as we had previously predicted. However, fence closure increases the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration and ecosystem respiration. Our study shows that although enclosure is an effective ecosystem carbon fixation, the fixed carbon in enclosure is more likely to be more vulnerable to future global warming. Our results show that both simulated warming and fence closure have a significant impact on the ecosystem carbon cycle. When we consider the carbon cycle of the ecosystem, we need to take into account the changes in the carbon exchange caused by these factors. We should pay more attention to their interaction in future research.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(地球環(huán)境研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812

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