本文選題：牧場 + 山羊運(yùn)動軌跡��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究以半干旱黃土高原丘陵區(qū)為研究區(qū)域,使用GPS記錄了羊群日運(yùn)動軌跡,采取遠(yuǎn)距離拍照的方法獲得了單只山羊在山坡的高精度運(yùn)動軌跡,同時(shí)采用傳統(tǒng)樣方法在生物量最大季節(jié)測量了不同坡向植物群落構(gòu)成。繼而利用地理信息系統(tǒng)和遙感圖像處理方法,分析了不同季節(jié)(1)放牧過程中羊群日運(yùn)動軌跡特征(包括：速度、與水平面夾角、轉(zhuǎn)角)；(2)羊群對不同坡向利用強(qiáng)度差異。得到以下結(jié)論：(1)羊群運(yùn)動軌跡受植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的顯著影響。在冬季隨著食物資源的減少,羊群相對采食時(shí)間增加。不同坡向植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的差異影響羊群對不同坡向的使用比例。相對于陰坡和陽坡,山羊偏向于使用半陰坡,并且在半陰坡采食時(shí)間長于陰坡和陽坡。(2)山羊存在兩種基本運(yùn)動狀態(tài)：采食和轉(zhuǎn)移,這兩種運(yùn)動狀態(tài)對應(yīng)的速度分別為0-0.25m/s和0.25～1m/s。采食和轉(zhuǎn)移狀態(tài)下的運(yùn)動路徑與水平面夾角和轉(zhuǎn)角顯著不同。在采食狀態(tài)下運(yùn)動路徑與水平面夾角和轉(zhuǎn)角分別有51.3%和47.5%分布于60°～90°,而在轉(zhuǎn)移狀態(tài)下分別有78.4%和76.9%分布于0°～30°。食物資源豐富時(shí),山羊主要是在群落內(nèi)對個(gè)體植物或植物群體選擇；食物資源匱乏時(shí),山羊主要是在群落間對植物群落進(jìn)行選擇。在半陰坡,適口性植物豐度較高,轉(zhuǎn)角頻率較高;山羊?qū)�(gè)體植物的選擇時(shí)間比例較陰坡、陽坡高。(3)牧道對山羊運(yùn)動路徑的選擇有限制作用。山羊?qū)δ恋谰哂懈呃寐?其運(yùn)動過程中90.7%的踩踏發(fā)生在牧道上,并且86.6%的“采食站”也位于牧道。山羊在采食和轉(zhuǎn)移過程中,傾向于使用已經(jīng)存在的牧道網(wǎng)絡(luò),而不是創(chuàng)造新的牧道。(4)羊群對采食區(qū)域的重復(fù)利用強(qiáng)度受植物群落結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。在食物資源匱乏的冬季,羊群對采食區(qū)域的重訪比例顯著高于食物資源豐富的秋季。在冬季和秋季羊群對半陰坡的重訪比例均顯著高于陰坡和陽坡。
[Abstract]:In this study, the hilly region of semi-arid Loess Plateau was used to record the daily movement track of sheep using GPS, and the high-precision trajectory of single goat on the hillside was obtained by long-distance photography. At the same time, the traditional sampling method was used to measure the composition of plant communities in different slope directions in the maximum biomass season. Then, using GIS and remote sensing image processing method, the characteristics of herding daily movement track (including velocity, angle with horizontal plane and rotation angle) during grazing in different seasons were analyzed. The following conclusions are drawn: 1) the herding movement track is significantly affected by the plant community structure. With the decrease of food resources in winter, the relative feeding time of sheep increased. The difference of plant community structure in different slope direction affected the utilization ratio of sheep to different slope direction. Compared with the shady slope and the sunny slope, the goat preferred to use the semi-shady slope, and the feeding time on the semi-shady slope was longer than that on the shady slope and on the Yang-slope.) there were two basic motional states: feeding and transferring. The corresponding velocities of these two motion states were 0-0.25m/s and 0.25g / s respectively. The movement path is significantly different from the angle and rotation angle of horizontal plane in the state of feeding and transferring. The angle and angle of motion path to horizontal plane were 51.3% and 47.5% at 60 擄and 90 擄, respectively, and 78.4% and 76.9% were distributed at 0 擄and 30 擄respectively under the condition of feeding. When food resources are abundant, goats mainly choose individual plants or plant populations in the community, and goats mainly select plant communities among communities when food resources are scarce. In semi-shady slope, palatability plant abundance is higher, turning angle frequency is higher, goat selection time ratio to individual plant is higher than shady slope, sunny slope height. Goats had a high utilization rate of herding, 90.7% of the trampling occurred in the pastoral way during the exercise, and 86.6% of the "feeding station" was also located in the pastoral road. In the process of feeding and transferring goats tend to use the existing pastoral network rather than create new herding way. 4) the reutilization intensity of sheep in the feeding area is affected by the plant community structure. In the winter when food resources were scarce, the revisiting rate of sheep to feeding area was significantly higher than that of food resource rich autumn. In winter and autumn, the revisiting ratio of sheep to semi-overcast slope was significantly higher than that of shady slope and sunny slope.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S827

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本文編號：1810581