本文選題：放牧強(qiáng)度 + 牛羊混牧�。� 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：放牧生態(tài)學(xué)是草地生態(tài)學(xué)研究的重要領(lǐng)域。放牧生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中家畜行為不僅與家畜本身有關(guān),也與草地類型、放牧強(qiáng)度及不同家畜配置的放牧方式有關(guān)。本文通過設(shè)置于內(nèi)蒙古錫林郭勒典型草原區(qū)不同放牧強(qiáng)度(輕牧、中牧和重牧)及不同放牧組合(牛羊混牧和單牧)的控制實(shí)驗(yàn),采用人工全天追蹤觀察結(jié)合縮時(shí)拍和GPS觀測(cè)記錄綿羊和牛的采食、反芻、站立、臥息以及游走等行為規(guī)律,系統(tǒng)分析放牧強(qiáng)度和放牧方式等草地管理制度對(duì)家畜行為的影響,這一研究對(duì)充實(shí)放牧生態(tài)學(xué)理論及草地合理利用的應(yīng)用實(shí)踐均有一定的意義。主要結(jié)論如下:1)各放牧強(qiáng)度和放牧方式綿羊全天時(shí)間分布基本上都表現(xiàn)為:采食時(shí)間反芻時(shí)間保養(yǎng)時(shí)間。2)放牧強(qiáng)度對(duì)家畜行為有顯著影響。重度放牧延長(zhǎng)綿羊的采食時(shí)間(有季節(jié)差異);放牧后期,中牧條件下,反芻速率降低;輕、中牧下綿羊保養(yǎng)時(shí)間有延長(zhǎng)趨勢(shì);6月份家畜在輕牧區(qū)游走里程較高,7月份在重牧區(qū)較高,9月份在重牧區(qū)較低,8月份各放牧強(qiáng)度間無明顯差異。3)放牧方式對(duì)家畜行為有顯著影響�；炷聊軌蜓娱L(zhǎng)綿羊采食時(shí)間,縮短牛采食時(shí)間;混牧能夠增加采食速率;混牧延長(zhǎng)綿羊站立時(shí)間,縮短臥息時(shí)間。綿羊的采食走步速率和咀嚼每個(gè)食團(tuán)的次數(shù)與時(shí)間都明顯高于牛。4)放牧季節(jié)對(duì)家畜行為也有顯著影響。隨著生長(zhǎng)季的推移,綿羊采食時(shí)間先縮短后延長(zhǎng);由于植物生長(zhǎng)的季節(jié)變化,家畜反芻每個(gè)食團(tuán)的口數(shù)和次數(shù)都隨生長(zhǎng)季的推移而增加;綿羊的站立、臥息行為隨著氣溫變化而變化明顯,牛則相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,天氣炎熱時(shí),綿羊站立時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),臥息時(shí)間縮短,反之,臥息時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),站立時(shí)間縮短;家畜游走里程與草場(chǎng)食物資源質(zhì)量和數(shù)量有關(guān),放牧初期,食物資源較少,家畜游走里程增加�？傊�,中等的放牧強(qiáng)度,結(jié)合合理的家畜組合,可在保持草地可持續(xù)的基礎(chǔ)上,充分利用草地資源,獲得更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。
[Abstract]:Grazing ecology is an important field in grassland ecology. The behavior of livestock in grazing ecosystem is not only related to livestock itself, but also to grassland types, grazing intensity and grazing patterns of different animal configurations. The control experiments of different grazing intensities (light, medium and heavy grazing) and different grazing combinations (cattle and sheep mixed grazing and single grazing) were carried out in the typical grassland area of Xilingol, Inner Mongolia. The feeding, ruminating, standing, resting and wandering behaviors of sheep and cattle were recorded by artificial full-day tracking and GPS observation. The effects of grazing intensity and grazing methods on livestock behavior were systematically analyzed. This study has certain significance to enrich grazing ecology theory and the application practice of grassland rational utilization. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the whole day time distribution of sheep under different grazing intensity and grazing mode is basically: feeding time ruminant time maintenance time. 2) grazing intensity has significant influence on livestock behavior. Heavy grazing prolonged the feeding time of sheep (there were seasonal differences; late grazing, moderate grazing conditions, the ruminant rate decreased; light, There was a tendency to prolong the maintenance time of sheep under middle grazing. The mileage of livestock walking in light grazing areas was higher in June and higher in heavy grazing areas in July. There was no significant difference in grazing intensity between different grazing intensities in heavy grazing areas in September and August. 3) grazing patterns had significant effects on livestock behavior. Mixed grazing can prolong the feeding time of sheep, shorten the feeding time of cattle, increase the feeding rate of mixed grazing, prolong the standing time and shorten the rest time of sheep. The feeding and walking rate of sheep and the number and time of chewing each feeding mass were significantly higher than that of cattle .4) the grazing season also had a significant effect on the behavior of domestic animals. As the growing season goes on, the feeding time of sheep first shortens and then prolongs; because of the seasonal variation of plant growth, the number and number of ruminants per pellet increase with the growth season; the standing of sheep, The behavior of lying rest changed obviously with the change of temperature, while that of cattle was relatively stable. When the weather was hot, the standing time of sheep was prolonged, the rest time of lying was shortened, the time of lying rest was prolonged and the time of standing was shortened. The walking mileage of livestock is related to the quality and quantity of food resources in pastures. In the early stage of grazing, the food resources are less and the mileage of livestock walks is increased. In a word, moderate grazing intensity and reasonable livestock combination can make full use of grassland resources on the basis of keeping grassland sustainable, and obtain greater economic benefits.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S812.8

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本文編號(hào)：1796327