本文選題：新型仔豬腹瀉病 + PEDV��； 參考：《聊城大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：豬腹瀉是由多種病因引起以腹瀉為主要癥狀的一種綜合征,為豬養(yǎng)殖過程中最為常見的疾病之一。自2010年起,在我國全國范圍內(nèi),中大規(guī)模的豬場、小型豬場以及散養(yǎng)戶均發(fā)生不同程度的腹瀉。由于其流行特點與以往傳統(tǒng)的腹瀉不同,稱之為新型仔豬腹瀉病。本研究對新型仔豬腹瀉病的流行病學(xué)特點進行了調(diào)查,檢測了疑似新型仔豬腹瀉病仔豬的PEDV陽性率。研究了腹瀉仔豬的心臟、肝臟、腎臟、脾臟和小腸的病理組織學(xué)變化。并對新型仔豬腹瀉病免疫學(xué)方面進行探索,測定了病豬豬瘟病毒(CSFV)抗體和圓環(huán)-2型病毒(PCV-2)抗體的含量,細胞因子IL-1、IL-2及IFN-γ的水平以及分泌型免疫球蛋白A(SIg A)的含量,除此之外,探索了應(yīng)用干擾素對新型仔豬腹瀉病進行治療,初步評估了其治療效果。1.新型仔豬腹瀉病流行病學(xué)調(diào)查新型仔豬腹瀉病病豬的主要癥狀為嘔吐、腹瀉,嚴重的病豬會發(fā)生脫水,該病主要侵害7日齡內(nèi)仔豬,豬場內(nèi)仔豬的死亡率可達到70%和100%之間,中大型的豬場多發(fā),持續(xù)時間久可流行數(shù)月,其流行時間集中在一年的12月份到下一年的4月份之間,其余時間也有流行。159份的病料檢測出100份PEDV陽性樣品,陽性率為62.5%。提示我國自2010年以來爆發(fā)的新型仔豬腹瀉病主要病原體為PEDV。2.新型仔豬腹瀉病病理組織學(xué)變化制備患病仔豬心臟、肝臟、腎臟、脾臟和小腸石蠟切片,用HE染色發(fā)現(xiàn)心臟心肌纖維間隙增寬,心肌纖維多處發(fā)生斷裂;肝組織普遍發(fā)生壞死或出血,肝小葉結(jié)構(gòu)不明顯,肝細胞索結(jié)構(gòu)消失,細胞核濃縮、溶解消失,細胞核破碎表現(xiàn)為藍紫色深染的碎片,肝組織淤血,中央靜脈擴張、里面充滿紅細胞,肝索之間、靜脈充滿紅細胞,肝索之間有少量的含鐵血黃素沉積;腎小管上皮細胞腫脹,管狀結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,腎小管管腔有漿液和少量細胞,在油鏡下觀察管內(nèi)細胞為為腎小管內(nèi)皮細胞脫落,腎臟組織充血;脾小體結(jié)構(gòu)不明顯且數(shù)量減少,脾動脈周圍淋巴鞘淋巴細胞減少;小腸絨毛脫落嚴重。表明各組織器官存在功能障礙,提示患病機體存在嚴重的血液循環(huán)障礙及免疫功能障礙。3.新型仔豬腹瀉病的免疫學(xué)研究腹瀉仔豬CSFV抗體水平低于健康對照豬(P0.01),腹瀉組仔豬PCV-2抗體水平高于健康對照組(P0.01)。腹瀉仔豬血清中IL-2和IFN-γ的濃度明顯低于健康仔豬(P0.05);腹瀉仔豬血清中IL-1的濃度與健康對照組(P㧐0.05)無明顯差別。新型仔豬腹瀉病仔豬糞便的SIg A水平低于健康對照仔豬(P0.01)。經(jīng)過干擾素治療后的腹瀉仔豬癥狀得到了有效的緩解,且IL-2和IFN-γ的含量顯著提高。本試驗結(jié)果表明患病豬機體存在免疫功能障礙,體液免疫、細胞免疫以及小腸黏膜免疫功能均有所降低。而經(jīng)過干擾素治療的腹瀉仔豬,病癥得到了有效的緩解。表明干擾素可以提高患病仔豬機體的免疫功能并可以有效的緩解仔豬新型仔豬腹瀉病的癥狀。
[Abstract]:Pig diarrhea is one of the most common diseases in pig breeding. Since 2010, diarrhea has occurred in large-scale pig farms, small pig farms and free-range farmers in China. Because its epidemic characteristic is different from the traditional diarrhea, it is called the new type piglet diarrhea disease. In this study, the epidemiological characteristics of new type piglets diarrhea disease were investigated, and the positive rate of PEDV in piglets suspected to be new type piglets diarrhea disease was detected. The pathological changes of heart, liver, kidney, spleen and small intestine in diarrhea piglets were studied. In addition, the contents of CSFV antibody and PCV-2 antibody, the levels of IL-1IL-2 and IFN- 緯, and the content of secretory immunoglobulin A (sig A) were determined. To explore the application of interferon in the treatment of a new type of piglet diarrhea disease, the preliminary evaluation of its therapeutic effect. 1. Epidemiological investigation of new type piglets diarrhea disease the main symptoms of new type piglets diarrhea disease pigs are vomiting, diarrhea, serious disease pigs will be dehydrated, the disease mainly affects the piglets within 7 days of age, the mortality of piglets in the pig farm can reach 70% and 100%. Large and medium pig farms have more PEDV positive samples, lasting a long time for several months. The epidemic time is concentrated between December of one year and April of the following year. In the remaining time, 100 samples of PEDV positive were detected in the other time, the positive rate was 62.5%. It is suggested that the main pathogen of the new type of piglet diarrhea disease in China since 2010 is PEV. 2. Preparation of paraffin sections of heart, liver, kidney, spleen and small intestine of piglets with new type of diarrhea disease. Necrosis or haemorrhage was common in liver tissue, hepatic lobular structure was not obvious, the structure of hepatic cell cord disappeared, the nucleus was concentrated and dissolved, the nucleus was broken into pieces with blue and purple staining, the liver tissue was clotted and the central vein was dilated. It is filled with red blood cells, between the hepatic cord, between the veins, and between the hepatic cords with a small amount of hemosiderin deposition; the tubular epithelial cells are swollen, the tubular structure is destroyed, and the renal tubule lumen has serous fluid and a small number of cells. Under the oil microscope, the cells in the tube were the renal tubular endothelial cells, the renal tissue was congested, the structure of the splenic body was not obvious and the number of the splenic body was decreased, the lymphocyte around the splenic artery was decreased, and the villi of the small intestine were shedded seriously. The results indicated that there were serious blood circulation disorders and immune dysfunction. 3. Immunological study on the new type of piglets diarrhea the level of CSFV antibody in diarrhea piglets was lower than that in healthy control pigs and the PCV-2 antibody level in diarrhea group was higher than that in healthy control group. The concentrations of IL-2 and IFN- 緯 in serum of diarrhea piglets were significantly lower than those of healthy piglets (P 0.05), but the concentrations of IL-1 in serum of diarrhea piglets were not significantly different from those of the healthy control group (P 0.05). The level of SIg A in feces of new type piglets with diarrhea disease was lower than that of healthy control piglets (P 0.01). The symptoms of diarrhea piglets treated with interferon were effectively alleviated, and the levels of IL-2 and IFN- 緯 were significantly increased. The results showed that there were immune dysfunction, humoral immunity, cellular immunity and intestinal mucosal immunity. In piglets treated with interferon, the disease was effectively alleviated. The results showed that interferon could improve the immune function of sick piglets and relieve the symptoms of new type piglets diarrhea.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：聊城大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.28

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