本文選題：半胱胺鹽酸鹽 + 瘤胃發(fā)酵　； 參考：《揚州大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本試驗研究不同添加水平半胱胺鹽酸鹽(Cysteamine hydrochloride, CSH)對泌乳中期中國荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃發(fā)酵、生產(chǎn)性能和生化指標的影響。選用40頭產(chǎn)奶量、泌乳日齡、胎次相近的奶牛,隨機分為5組,每組8頭,每組日糧中CSH添加量分別為：0g/頭(對照組)、15g/頭、30g/頭、75g/頭和150g/頭,預試期14d,正試期56d,結(jié)果如下：1.CSH對泌乳奶牛瘤胃發(fā)酵特性、微生物蛋白合成及瘤胃細菌的影響,結(jié)果表明：各組奶牛的瘤胃液pH范圍為6.30-6.69,組間差異不顯著(P0.05),且各試驗組乙酸含量與對照組相比無顯著差異(P0.05)；75g組的氨態(tài)氮(NH3-N)濃度顯著高于對照組和15g組(P=0.001),但75g和150g組總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(VFA)濃度低于對照組和15g組(P=0.007),且其乙酸與丙酸比值顯著低于15g組(P=0.004)。75g處理組原蟲蛋白(P=0.018)及總菌體蛋白(P=0.041)的合成量最低,顯著低于對照組。添加3Og/d-75g/d CSH提高了蛋白分解菌P. ruminicola(P=0.001)和B. fibrisolvens (P0.001)的相對數(shù)量,而150g/dCSH處理顯著降低了F. succinogenes, R. albus和R. flavefaciens (P0.001)的相對數(shù)量。2.CSH對奶牛營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化率、生產(chǎn)性能及乳成分的影響,結(jié)果表明：15g處理組的CP、Ca、P、NDF和GE表觀消化率均高于對照組,但差異不顯著(P0.05),而在75g-150g處理組呈一定降低趨勢,150g處理組各營養(yǎng)指標消化率最低,其CP、NDF和ADF消化率顯著低于對照組(P0.05)；奶牛的日均采食量、產(chǎn)奶量、4%標準乳產(chǎn)量及飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率在CSH添加量為75g時最高,150g組最低,且150g處理組的產(chǎn)奶量和4%標準乳產(chǎn)量顯著低于對照組及15g處理組(P0.05)；乳脂率和乳總固形物濃度在CSH添加量為75g時最高,且其他試驗組與對照組無顯著差異(P0.05),乳尿素氮濃度隨著CSH添加量的升高而逐漸下降,且添加量為150g時最低(P0.05)。3.CSH對奶牛血清生化、酶、免疫、抗氧化能力及激素水平的影響,結(jié)果表明：當飼糧中CSH添加量為15 g時,奶牛血清中球蛋白水平顯著高于150 g組(P0.05)；添加150gCSH組的谷丙轉(zhuǎn)氨酶水平顯著高于對照組及15和30gCSH處理組(P0.05)； CSH添加量30g組,T3水平顯著高于對照組(P0.05)；添加量為15g時,血清T4水平顯著高于對照組(P0.05)；15g-30g處理組的GH含量顯著高于對照組(P0.05)；隨著CSH添加量的增加,血清超氧化物歧化酶水平有下降趨勢(0.05P0.1)；CSH添加量為15 g時,血清中谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶活性顯著高于對照組和150g處理組(P0.05)；30g-150g處理組丙二醛水平高于對照組和15g處理組。15-30g/d處理組的IgA、IgG、IL-6、IL10和皮質(zhì)醇濃度均高于對照組。其中,15-30g/d處理組的IgA濃度顯著高于對照組和150g處理組(P0.05)；而15g處理組的IgG和IL-10水平顯著高于75g-150g處理組(P0.05)；同時,15g處理組血清皮質(zhì)醇濃度最高,顯著高于150g處理組(P0.05)。結(jié)論：在本試驗中,添加15-30g/dCSH能夠促進奶牛瘤胃發(fā)酵、營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化,降低血清酶的濃度,提高血清免疫、抗氧化指標水平,而添加75g-150gCSH時,對奶牛有一定副作用。因此,半胱胺鹽酸鹽在泌乳奶牛日糧中：安全劑量為15-75g/d,適宜劑量為15-30g/d,而從使用效果和經(jīng)濟角度考慮,最佳劑量為15g/d。
[Abstract]:The effects of Cysteamine hydrochloride (CSH) on the rumen fermentation, production performance and biochemical indexes of Chinese Holstein cows in the middle period of lactation were studied in this experiment. 40 cows were randomly divided into 5 groups, 8 heads in each group, and the amount of CSH added in each group was 0g/ head (0g/ head respectively). The control group), 15g/ head, 30g/ head, 75g/ head and 150g/ head, pre test period 14d and positive test period 56d, the results are as follows: 1.CSH has the effect of 1.CSH on ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and ruminal bacteria of lactating dairy cows. The results show that the pH range of the tumor gastric juice in each group is 6.30-6.69, and the difference between the groups is not significant (P0.05), and the acetic acid content and control of each test group are compared with the control group. The concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) in group 75g was significantly higher than that of control group and 15g group (P=0.001), but the concentration of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) in 75g and 150g groups was lower than that of control group and 15g group (P=0.007), and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid was significantly lower than that of 15g group (P=0.004) and total bacterial protein (VFA) in group 75g and 150g. 41) was the lowest, significantly lower than the control group. Adding 3Og/d-75g/d CSH increased the relative number of P. ruminicola (P=0.001) and B. fibrisolvens (P0.001) of proteolytic bacteria, while 150g/dCSH treatment significantly reduced the succinogenes of F. and the relative quantity of R. and vegetables. The effects of performance and milk composition showed that the apparent digestibility of CP, Ca, P, NDF and GE in the 15g treatment group was higher than that of the control group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05), but in 75g-150g treatment group, the digestibility of the nutritional indexes in the 150g treatment group was the lowest, and the CP, NDF and ADF digestibility were significantly lower than that of the control group. Quantity, milk production, 4% standard milk yield and feed conversion rate were the highest when CSH was added to 75g, 150g group was the lowest, and the milk yield and 4% standard milk yield of 150g treatment group were significantly lower than that of the control group and 15g treatment group (P0.05); the milk fat rate and the total solid substance concentration were the highest when the CSH addition was 75g (P), and there was no significant difference between the other test groups and the control group (P). 0.05), the concentration of milk urea nitrogen gradually decreased with the increase of CSH addition, and the effect of the lowest (P0.05).3.CSH on serum biochemical, enzyme, immunity, antioxidant capacity and hormone levels of dairy cows was added to 150g. The results showed that the level of globulin in milk bovine serum was significantly higher than that of 150 g group (P0.05) when CSH was added to the diet of 15 g (P0.05). The level of alanine transaminase in 0gCSH group was significantly higher than that of control group and 15 and 30gCSH treatment group (P0.05); CSH added 30g group, T3 level was significantly higher than that of control group (P0.05); the level of serum T4 was significantly higher than that of control group (P0.05) when the amount of 15g was added, and the GH content of 15g-30g treatment group was higher than that of the control group; with the increase of addition, blood was increased. The level of superoxide dismutase was decreased (0.05P0.1); when the amount of CSH was 15 g, the activity of glutathione peroxidase in the serum was significantly higher than that of the control group and the 150g treatment group (P0.05). The level of malondialdehyde in the 30g-150g treatment group was higher than that of the control group and the 15g treatment group at IgA, IgG, IL-6, IL10 and cortisol concentration were higher than those in the control group. In the control group, the concentration of IgA in the 15-30g/d treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group and the 150g treatment group (P0.05), while the IgG and IL-10 levels in the 15g treatment group were significantly higher than that in the 75g-150g treatment group (P0.05). At the same time, the serum cortisol concentration in the 15g treatment group was highest, significantly higher than that in the 150g treatment group (P0.05). In the cow rumen fermentation, digestion of nutrients, reducing the concentration of serum enzymes, improving the serum immunity and the level of antioxidant index, the cows have some side effects when adding 75g-150gCSH. Therefore, cysteamine hydrochloride is in the lactating dairy cow diet: the safe dose is 15-75g/d, and the suitable dose is 15-30g/d, which is considered from the use effect and the economic perspective. The best dose is 15g/d.

【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823

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