本文選題：偏熱環(huán)境 + 相對濕度　； 參考：《河北工程大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：溫熱環(huán)境是家禽盲腸菌群和氮代謝的重要影響因素,隨著環(huán)境溫度的改變,家禽腸道正常菌群和氮代謝也會受到影響,本試驗從偏熱環(huán)境對肉雞腸道微生物多樣性與氮代謝的影響展開研究,為肉雞健康養(yǎng)殖提供理論依據(jù)。試驗以21℃,60%為對照,溫度(26、31℃)處理以持續(xù)(24h)、間歇(6h)、晝夜循環(huán)形式展開,濕度處理為低濕(30%)和高濕(85%),進行14 d的試驗處理,檢測恒溫與晝夜循環(huán)變溫對肉雞生產性能、氮利用率和氮排放的影響。采用DGGE(denaturing gradient gelelectrophoresis,變性梯度凝膠電泳)方法,分析試驗處理7、14 d時,對盲腸內容物菌群多樣性的影響。主要試驗結果如下:1、(1)26、31℃持續(xù)熱處理組肉仔雞盲腸DGGE條帶數(shù)均低于21℃組,且31℃組低于26℃組;31℃組條帶數(shù),在試驗14 d明顯低于試驗7 d;(2)26、31℃組對肉雞盲腸菌群的影響較大,且31℃組肉雞盲腸菌群多樣性,在試驗14 d明顯低于試驗7 d;(3)適溫和偏熱環(huán)境下肉雞盲腸內的共性菌群是Alistipes timonensis和Barnesiella viscericola,21℃組肉雞盲腸中特異性菌群是Ruminococcus faecis,26、31℃組是Lutispora thermophila和Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,31℃組是Gemmiger formicilis。2、(1)30%組肉仔雞盲腸DGGE條帶數(shù),在試驗14 d明顯低于試驗7 d;試驗7 d,30%組高于60%組,85%低于60%組;試驗14 d,30、85%組均高于60%組;(2)試驗7 d,85%對腸道菌群影響明顯,試驗14d,30%對腸道菌群影響明顯。(3)間歇性26℃下不同濕度的肉雞盲腸內共性菌群是Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,在試驗7 d,30、85%組肉雞盲腸中特異性菌群是Stomatobaculum longum。3、(1)30、85%組肉仔雞盲腸DGGE條帶數(shù)均低于60%組,30%組在試驗14 d明顯低于試驗7 d;(2)試驗7 d,85%組對肉雞盲腸菌群的影響較大,試驗14 d,30%組對肉雞盲腸菌群的影響較大,較試驗7 d,試驗14 d時30%組對肉雞盲腸菌群的改變明顯;(3)盲腸內共性菌群是Clostridium proteolyticum和Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,試驗7 d,30、60%組肉雞盲腸中特異性菌群是Clostridium hungatei,試驗14 d,60、85%組肉雞盲腸中特異性菌群是Bacteroides vulgatus。4、(1)26℃持續(xù)熱處理組在試驗1~7 d,降低肉雞生長性能,31℃持續(xù)熱處理組降低肉雞生長性能;21/31℃晝夜循環(huán)與持續(xù)26℃相比,增加其平均日采食量。(2)持續(xù)偏熱31℃組顯著降低肉雞STP(serum total protein,血清總蛋白)含量。試驗前期,21/31℃晝夜循環(huán)組與持續(xù)26℃組相比,顯著降低STP,后期無顯著影響。(3)26℃持續(xù)熱處理組SUN顯著降低、NEFI顯著增加,31℃組肉仔雞SUN顯著降低、NEDG和NEFI顯著增加。與恒溫26℃組相比,日循環(huán)21/31℃組UN顯著降低、NEDG、NEFI顯著增加。根據(jù)結果所得到的結論為:1、持續(xù)偏熱處理(26、31℃)影響肉雞腸道菌群的結構和多樣性,且偏熱程度、處理時間對肉雞影響不同。2、間歇性26、31℃時,低濕(30%)和高濕(85%)隨著時間處理影響肉雞腸道菌群的結構和多樣性。3、持續(xù)偏熱處理(26、31℃)影響肉雞氮代謝,降低肉雞生產性能;21/31℃晝夜變溫與26℃相比,降低肉雞氮利用率,增加氮排出量。綜上所述,偏熱環(huán)境改變了肉雞盲腸菌群的多樣性,降低其生產性能,影響對肉雞氮代謝。
[Abstract]:The thermal environment is an important factor affecting the poultry cecum flora and nitrogen metabolism, with environmental temperature change, poultry intestinal microflora and nitrogen metabolism may be affected by the test launches the research from the side effects of thermal environment on broiler intestinal microbial diversity and nitrogen metabolism, and provide a theoretical basis for meat chicken farming. Health test at 21 degrees, 60% as control temperature (26,31 DEG C) to continue processing (24h), intermittent (6h), launched the diurnal cycle, humidity treatment for low humidity (30%) and high humidity (85%), were treated for 14 d, the production performance of broiler with constant temperature detection day and night temperature cycling, nitrogen the effects of nitrogen rate and emissions. Using DGGE (denaturing gradient gelelectrophoresis, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) method, analysis of test 7,14 D, effect on the cecum flora diversity. The main results are as follows: 1, (1) 26,31 C continuous heat treatment group 鑲変粩楦＄洸鑲燚GGE鏉″甫鏁板潎浣庝簬21鈩冪粍,涓，

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