本文選題：白酒糟 + 西門塔爾牛�。� 參考：《內蒙古農業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：內蒙古自治區(qū)是我國的肉牛產(chǎn)業(yè)大省之一,存欄量和牛肉產(chǎn)量都居全國領先地位。通遼市位于內蒙古自治區(qū)東北部,處于農業(yè)與畜牧業(yè)交接地帶,具有天然的畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展優(yōu)勢,加之通遼市悠久的養(yǎng)殖歷史,使得肉牛產(chǎn)業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展。酒糟是一種優(yōu)質的飼料,飼喂肉牛不但可以節(jié)約成本,還能夠得到良好的養(yǎng)殖效果。因此本文通過對內蒙古自治區(qū)通遼市酒糟育肥西門塔爾牛的情況進行了試驗研究,目的是掌握酒糟育肥西門塔爾牛實際情況,為更加科學合理的利用酒糟作為飼料飼喂西門塔爾牛提供理論依據(jù)。試驗結果表明：1、白酒糟育肥條件下西門塔爾牛背最長肌的水分含量為68.74%,粗脂肪為5.09%,粗蛋白含量為23.45%�？梢姲拙圃闶且环N良好的蛋白飼料,經(jīng)過酒糟育肥的西門塔爾牛肉中的蛋白含量得到提高,但是會降低肉中的水分,脂肪含量并未得到有效的提升。2、白酒糟育肥條件下西門塔爾牛背最長肌熟肉率達到42.16%,滴水損失和失水率分別是2.23%和25.46%,pH略低為5.56,剪切力能達到4.11kgf,以Lab模式所表示的肉色的L、a、b值分別為102.18、28.35、51.96。在屠宰性能方面,酒糟育肥西門塔爾牛的屠宰率達到52.19%,眼肌面積為57.91cm2,日增重約為1.00kg。認為經(jīng)過酒糟育肥的西門塔爾牛屠宰率在52%左右,眼肌面積較大,但是總的增重效果不理想。另外,酒糟育肥西門塔爾牛肉色偏淺,嫩度較好,但是肉的保水性能不算理想。3、白酒糟育肥條件下西門塔爾牛對飼料粗脂肪、粗蛋白、中性洗滌纖維、酸性洗滌纖維和鈣的表觀消化率較高,分別達到了90.22%、70.34%、76.50%、71.61%和63.28%,對磷的表觀消化率相對較低,為31.47%。試驗結果表明,酒糟育肥西門塔爾�？梢栽谝欢ǔ潭壬咸岣呶鏖T塔爾牛對飼料中常規(guī)營養(yǎng)成分的消化率。4、酒糟育肥西門塔爾牛肉中氨基酸含量豐富,氨基酸總量約為19.35%,必須氨基酸含量為8.16%,必須氨基酸約占氨基酸總量的42.19%,必須氨基酸與非必須氨基酸的比值約為72.97%；鮮味氨基酸含量為4.95±0.37g/100g,鮮甜味氨基酸含量為4.09+0.29g/100g,鮮味氨基酸占氨基酸總量的25.74%,鮮甜味氨基酸占總量的21.11%,二者之和占比高達46.85%；經(jīng)過FAO/WHO(1985)模式進行的氨基酸評分,除纈氨酸、蛋氨酸和胱氨酸外,其余氨基酸評分均超過理想蛋白模式。評分最好的是賴氨酸為129.88±10.24%。以上結果表明酒糟育肥西門塔爾牛肉中氨基酸種類多、含量豐富。必需氨基酸在總氨基酸中所占比值較高,必須氨基酸與非必需的比值較高。以上結果表明酒糟育肥西門塔爾牛肉中鮮甜味氨基酸所占比例較高,風味較好,必須氨基酸比例較差。5、白酒糟育肥西門塔爾牛肉中礦質元素種類多樣,其中鈣含量為266.92mg/kg,磷含量為6198.44mg/kg,鎂含量為547.75mg/kg,鉀含量為10303.43mg/kg,銅含量為2.24mg/kg,鋅含量為110.42mg/kg,鐵含量為112.75mg/kg,以上元素含量均超過人體日常參考攝入量。以上結果說明,白酒糟育肥西門塔爾牛肉中礦質含量豐富,礦質元素營養(yǎng)水平較高。6、本試驗共測定脂肪酸30種,其中飽和脂肪酸占脂肪酸總量的43.52%,單不飽和脂肪酸占脂肪酸總量的37.71%,多不飽和脂肪酸占脂肪酸總量的6.64%,P/S與M/S的比值分別為0.15和0.87,n-6與n-3的比值為6.17。結果表明,酒糟育肥西門塔爾牛肉中脂肪酸組成和結構合理,與飼喂常規(guī)飼料的飼喂效果相比,并無太大差異。
[Abstract]:The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region province is one of China's beef cattle industry, breeding stock and beef production are in the leading position in the country. Tongliao city is located in the northeast of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, in the agricultural and animal husbandry ecotone, the development of animal husbandry has natural advantage, coupled with a long history of Tongliao culture, the beef industry is booming. Lees is a feed high quality, feeding beef cattle can not only save the cost, but also can get good breeding effect. Therefore this article through to the the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Tongliao city of fattening Simmental lees were studied. The purpose is to grasp the actual situation of Simmental cattle fattening lees, provide a theoretical basis for more scientific and reasonable utilization of distiller's grains as feed Simmental. Test results show that: 1, the moisture content of distiller's grains under the condition of fattening Simmental longissimus muscle was 68.74%, crude fat Fat was 5.09%, crude protein content of 23.45%. visible distiller is a good protein feed, the protein content of the grains after fattening Simmental beef in improved, but will reduce the moisture in the meat, fat content did not improve.2, a distiller fattening Simmental longissimus muscle meat rate reached 42.16%, water loss and water loss rates were 2.23% and 25.46%, pH was 5.56 lower, the shear force can reach 4.11kgf in Lab mode represented by the color of L, a, B = 102.18,28.35,51.96. at slaughter performance, bad wine fattening Simmental cattle slaughter rate reached 52.19%, the eye area is 57.91cm2. The weight gain is about 1.00kg. after slaughter fattening Simmental lees rate of around 52%, the eye area is large, but the effect of increasing the total weight is not ideal. In addition, the lees of fattening Simmental beef lighter color, tenderness Good, but the water retention properties of meat is not ideal.3, lees conditions of Simmental cattle fattening feed on crude fat, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and calcium apparent digestibility was higher, respectively 90.22%, 70.34%, 76.50%, 71.61% and 63.28%, the apparent digestibility of phosphorus relatively low, that is 31.47%. test results,.4 can improve the lees of Simmental cattle fattening Simmental on the normal diet nutrition digestion in a certain extent, lees fattening Simmental beef amino acid is rich in amino acids, the total is about 19.35%, essential amino acid content was 8.16%, essential amino acids accounted for about 42.19% of the total amino acids, must the ratio of amino acids and non essential amino acids was about 72.97%; the content of tasty amino acids was 4.95 + 0.37g/100g, the amino acid content of fresh sweet 4.09+0.29g/100g, flavor amino acids accounted for amino acids 25.74% of the total, fresh sweet amino acids accounted for 21.11% of the total, the two accounted for more than 46.85%; after FAO/WHO (1985) model of the amino acid score, valine, methionine and cystine, the other amino acids were more than ideal protein pattern. The best score is lysine was 129.88 + 10.24%. the results show that the lees fattening Simmental beef in many kinds of amino acids, rich in content. A high ratio of essential amino acids in the total amino acids, essential amino acids and high ratio of non essential. The above results show that fresh lees fattening Simmental meat sweet amino acid in high proportion, good flavor, low.5 ratio of essential amino acids, mineral elements of distiller fattening Simmental beef variety, including calcium 266.92mg/kg, phosphorus 6198.44mg/kg, magnesium content is 547.75mg/kg, the content of potassium was 10303.43mg/kg, containing copper The amount of 2.24mg/kg, the zinc content of 110.42mg/kg, the iron content is 112.75mg/kg, the above elements are more than human reference daily intake. The results indicated that distiller fattening Simmental beef in mineral rich in mineral nutrients of the higher level of.6, this experiment detected 30 kinds of fatty acids, saturated fatty acids of total fatty acids 43.52%, single unsaturated fatty acids fatty acids 37.71%, polyunsaturated fatty acids fatty acids 6.64%, ratio of P/S and M/S were 0.15 and 0.87, showed that the ratio of n-6 and n-3 6.17. results, lees fattening Simmental beef fatty acid composition and reasonable structure, compared with the feeding effect of feeding the conventional feed, is not much difference.

【學位授予單位】：內蒙古農業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823

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