本文選題：霉菌毒素　切入點：黃曲霉毒素B1　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文主要研究由蒙脫石粉和酵母細胞壁組成的霉菌毒素吸附劑在黃曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)、嘔吐毒素(DON)、伏馬毒素B1(FB1)四種常見霉菌毒素上的吸附效果,并對霉菌毒素吸附劑的添加比例以及不同p H條件下的吸附效果進行了實驗。同時,選取了5株符合《飼料添加劑目錄》的微生物菌株對其降解毒素的效果進行了初步研究。在霉菌毒素較低濃度時,添加過量由蒙脫石粉和酵母細胞壁組成的不同比例的吸附劑,使霉菌毒素吸附劑與含有霉菌毒素標準品的液體進行充分吸附,用酶聯(lián)免疫試劑盒對其中的霉菌毒素含量進行檢測,結果表明:蒙脫石粉對AFB1具有明顯的吸附效果,對FB1在甲醇溶液中有一定的吸附效果,對ZEN的吸附效果不明顯,對嘔吐毒素沒有吸附效果;酵母細胞壁對AFB1、FB1、DON沒有吸附效果,對ZEN有一定的吸附效果,但不顯著。進一步在含有AFB1和FB1毒素標準品的甲醇溶液中添加不同比例的蒙脫石粉,充分吸附后取濾液測定AFB1和FB1毒素含量,結果顯示:隨著蒙脫石粉添加量的增加,吸附率也逐漸變大;在實驗設定的條件下,添加0.5%蒙脫石粉,對AFB1和FB1的吸附率分別達到51.93%和84.54%。在含有AFB1和FB1毒素標準品的玉米面樣品中,添加不同比例的蒙脫石粉進行吸附效果驗證時出現(xiàn)了不同的結果:在固體樣品中蒙脫石粉對AFB1毒素依然有吸附效果,且添加比例在0.5%時吸附率為72.64%;但是在固體樣品中蒙脫石粉對FB1基本上無吸附效果。隨后實驗用含AFB1毒素純品的玉米面樣品,在模擬胃腸的不同p H溶液中對蒙脫石粉的吸附效果進行實驗,結果顯示:在添加比例為0.5%的情況下,不同p H環(huán)境對蒙脫石粉吸附效果的影響不大。選擇5株微生物對含有AFB1、DON和ZEN的花生粕、麩皮、玉米副產(chǎn)物的混合物料進行固態(tài)發(fā)酵,對霉菌毒素的降解效果進行了比較,實驗結果表明:在本實驗條件下,地衣芽孢桿菌和枯草芽孢桿菌對AFB1降解有一定的作用,其他微生物沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)可以降解AFB1。進一步的試驗表明:混合發(fā)酵比純種發(fā)酵在降解AFB1有一定的優(yōu)勢。5種微生物對DON、ZEN的降解沒有效果。本研究證實蒙脫石粉在液態(tài)和固態(tài)條件下對AFB1具有顯著的吸附效果,對其他毒素吸附效果不明顯,而酵母細胞壁則基本不具備吸附效果;對含霉菌毒素物料進行的發(fā)酵降解實驗結果表明5種微生物不能高效降解飼料中的各種毒素。
[Abstract]:The adsorption effects of mycotoxin adsorbents composed of montmorillonite powder and yeast cell wall on four common mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), zeaxanone (ZENN), vomitoxin (DONX) and fumartin B1 (FB1), were studied in this paper.The addition ratio of mycotoxin adsorbent and the adsorption effect under different pH conditions were also studied.At the same time, five microorganism strains in accordance with Feed Additives catalogue were selected to study the effect of toxin degradation.When the concentration of mycotoxin is lower, excessive amount of adsorbent composed of montmorillonite powder and yeast cell wall is added to make mycotoxin adsorbent fully adsorbed with liquid containing mycotoxin standard.The content of mycotoxin in montmorillonite powder was detected by Elisa kit. The results showed that montmorillonite powder had obvious adsorption effect on AFB1, a certain adsorption effect on FB1 in methanol solution, and no obvious adsorption effect on ZEN.The yeast cell wall had no adsorption effect on AFB1FB1DON, but it had a certain adsorption effect on ZEN, but it was not significant.Further adding different proportion of montmorillonite powder into methanol solution containing AFB1 and FB1 toxin standard product, the content of AFB1 and FB1 toxin was determined by the filtrate after full adsorption. The results showed that the adsorption rate increased with the increase of montmorillonite powder content.When 0.5% montmorillonite powder was added, the adsorption rates of AFB1 and FB1 reached 51.93% and 84.54% respectively.In cornflour samples containing AFB1 and FB1 toxin standard, different results were found when different proportion of montmorillonite powder was added to verify the adsorption effect: montmorillonite powder still adsorbed AFB1 toxin in solid sample.The adsorption rate of montmorillonite powder was 72.64 when the ratio of montmorillonite was 0.5 and the adsorption rate of montmorillonite powder to FB1 in solid sample was basically no effect.Then the sorption effect of montmorillonite powder was tested in different pH solution of stomach and intestine with corn flour sample containing AFB1 toxin. The results showed that the ratio of montmorillonite powder was 0.5%, and the absorption rate of montmorillonite powder was 0.5%.The adsorption efficiency of montmorillonite powder was not affected by different pH environment.Five strains of microbes were selected to ferment the mixture of peanut meal, bran and corn by-products containing AFB1DON and ZEN in solid state, and the degradation efficiency of mycotoxin was compared.Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis had a certain effect on AFB1 degradation, but no other microorganisms had found that AFB1 could be degraded by Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis.Further experiments showed that mixed fermentation had some advantages over pure strain fermentation in AFB1 degradation. 5 microbes had no effect on DONZEN degradation.The results showed that montmorillonite powder had significant adsorption effect on AFB1 under liquid and solid conditions, but not on other toxins, but on yeast cell wall.The results of fermentation and degradation of mycotoxins showed that the five microbes could not degrade the toxins in feed efficiently.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S816;S859.87

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