本文選題：哈薩克馬　切入點：表型差異　出處：《塔里木大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究對新疆哈薩克馬進(jìn)行資源調(diào)查,統(tǒng)計哈薩克馬的表型差異、毛色種類及對體尺數(shù)據(jù)的測量統(tǒng)計,并與哈薩克斯坦哈薩克馬的體尺數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對比。還應(yīng)用了15對微衛(wèi)星標(biāo)記對新疆三個馬群體(阿勒泰哈薩克馬、和豐哈薩克馬、托里哈薩克馬)和哈薩克斯坦哈薩克馬共計154份試驗樣本進(jìn)行群體遺傳多樣性分析,分析數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo)包括觀察等位基因數(shù)(Na)、有效等位基因數(shù)(Ne)、觀察雜合度(He)、期望雜合度(Ho)、Shannon信息指數(shù)(I)、多態(tài)信息指數(shù)(PIC)及中性檢驗。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)根據(jù)資源調(diào)查結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)新疆哈薩克馬的毛色涵蓋了幾乎所有的毛色分類中的毛色類別;2015年對哈薩克馬體尺數(shù)據(jù)相比1981年伊犁哈薩克馬體尺數(shù)據(jù)沒有非常明顯的提高,成年公馬體高由139.8cm-141.5cm之間;成年母馬的體高由132.9cm-133.5cm之間;與1983年哈薩克斯坦哈薩克馬的體尺數(shù)據(jù)(公馬體高141cm、母馬體高139cm)相比,1981年哈薩克馬體尺遠(yuǎn)低于哈薩克斯坦哈薩克馬;新疆哈薩克馬未進(jìn)過選育改良原因退化的較嚴(yán)重。(2)15個微衛(wèi)星位點在4個馬群體中多態(tài)信息指數(shù)(PIC)值在0.682-910之間,數(shù)值均大于0.5說明本文所選用的15個微衛(wèi)星位點均為高度多態(tài)位點。(3)4個馬群體在15個微衛(wèi)星位點中檢測到的有效等位基因數(shù)(Ne)最高為哈薩克斯坦哈薩克馬6.2133;和豐哈薩克馬最低為4.5513;觀察雜合度(He)哈薩克斯坦哈薩克馬值為最高為0.8257,和豐哈薩克馬值最低為0.7650;多態(tài)信息指數(shù)(PIC)最高值是哈薩克斯坦哈薩克馬值為0.804,和豐哈薩克馬值最低為0.729,這些指標(biāo)表明哈薩克斯坦哈薩克馬的遺傳多樣性豐富。(4)計算了4個馬群體之間的遺傳距離,發(fā)現(xiàn)托里哈薩克馬與哈國哈薩克馬的遺傳距離最近為0.1492,。其次是托里哈薩克馬和哈國哈薩克馬與阿勒泰馬遺傳距離上近一些。和豐哈薩克馬與其他三個馬群體遺傳距離較遠(yuǎn),分別為0.2295、0.8420、0.7831,結(jié)果符合生態(tài)地理分布。本文結(jié)論主要有(1)通過資源調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)新疆阿勒泰地區(qū)及塔城地區(qū)的哈薩克馬在毛色的種類上更加的豐富,伊犁地區(qū)的哈薩克由于受到同化等因素的影響毛色種類較單一。(2)通過微衛(wèi)星標(biāo)記對新疆三個地區(qū)哈薩克馬及哈薩克斯坦哈薩克馬的遺傳多樣性進(jìn)行分析研究發(fā)現(xiàn)哈薩克斯坦的哈薩克馬的遺傳多樣性更加的豐富;新疆三個地區(qū)中和豐地區(qū)哈薩克馬的遺傳多樣性豐富性較低。
[Abstract]:In this study, we investigated the resources of Kazakh horses in Xinjiang, analyzed the phenotypic differences of Kazakh horses, the types of coat color and the measurements of body measurements, and compared them with those of Kazakh horses in Kazakhstan.In addition, 15 pairs of microsatellite markers were used to analyze the population genetic diversity of three horse populations (Altay Kazakh horse, Fenghasak horse, Tori Kazak horse) and Kazakh horse in Kazakhstan.The analysis data included the number of alleles, the effective alleles, the heterozygosity, the expected heterozygosity, the Shannon information index, the polymorphic information index (Pi) and the neutral test.The results showed that according to the results of resource survey, the color of Kazakh horses in Xinjiang covered almost all the color categories in the classification of coat color, and the body measure data of Kazakh horses in 2015 were not significantly improved compared with those of 1981 Yili Kazakh horses.The body height of adult male horse was between 139.8cm-141.5cm and that of adult mare was between 132.9cm-133.5cm. Compared with the data of Kazakhstan Kazakh horse in 1983 (141cm tall of male horse and 139cm of mares height), the body height of Kazakh horse in 1981 was much lower than that of Kazakh horse in Kazakhstan.The PICs of 15 microsatellite loci in 4 horse populations were 0.682-910.The values above 0.5 indicate that the 15 microsatellite loci selected in this paper are all highly polymorphic.) the number of effective alleles detected by four horse populations in 15 microsatellite loci is the highest 6.2133 in Kazakh Kazakh horse.The lowest value of Kazakh horse is 4.5513, the highest value of Kazakh horse is 0.8257, the lowest value of Hefeng Kazakh horse is 0.7650, and the highest value of polymorphic information index is 0.804 for Kazakh horse in Kazakhstan and 0.804 for Hefeng Kazakh horse.The lowest value was 0.729, which indicated that the genetic diversity of Kazakh horses in Kazakhstan was abundant and the genetic distance between the four horse populations was calculated.It was found that the genetic distance between Tori Kazakh horse and Kazakh horse was 0.1492.The next is Tori Kazakh horse and Kazakhstan Kazakh horse and Altay horse genetic distance is closer.The genetic distance between Hefeng Kazak horse and the other three horse populations was 0.22950.0.84200.7831, respectively. The results were in accordance with the ecological geographical distribution.The conclusion of this paper is that the Kazakh horses in Altay and Tacheng areas of Xinjiang are more abundant in the kinds of fur color through the investigation of resources.The genetic diversity of Kazakh and Kazakh horses in three regions of Xinjiang were analyzed by microsatellite markers because of the influence of assimilation and other factors.The genetic diversity of Kazakh horses in Kazakhstan is more abundant.The richness of genetic diversity of Kazakh horse in Zhongfeng area of Xinjiang is low.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：塔里木大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S821

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