本文選題：冷蒿　切入點：機械損傷　出處：《浙江農(nóng)林大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：為了探討放牧過程中的采食和踐踏損傷對冷蒿(Artemisia frigida Willd.)次生代謝的影響,本研究以內(nèi)蒙古典型草原冷蒿為研究對象,對其進行不同程度的機械損傷處理,測定處理后的冷蒿葉片和根系的膜脂脂肪酸含量、LOX活性、酚酸、單寧、黃酮、總酚含量和防御酶PPO、PAL的活性以及水浸提液成分,分析其在不同程度處理后的時序變化。本試驗研究結果如下:1、通過GC-MS分析表明,冷蒿葉片和根系膜脂中均包含8種脂肪酸,主要以不飽和脂肪酸為主,但成分略有不同。損傷誘導冷蒿膜脂中飽和脂肪酸棕櫚酸的含量總體呈上升趨勢,不飽和脂肪酸亞麻酸、亞油酸和二十二碳二烯酸的含量呈下降趨勢。機械損傷處理后,冷蒿體內(nèi)脂肪酸代謝相關酶LOX的活性升高,至24 h達到最大值。2、各處理的冷蒿中共檢測到?jīng)]食子酸、原兒茶酸、綠原酸、咖啡酸、丁香酸、對香豆酸、阿魏酸和肉桂酸8種酚酸化合物。損傷誘導冷蒿中除綠原酸外其他7種酚酸的含量均升高,多數(shù)在12 h達到最高;其中游離酚酸原兒茶酸、阿魏酸的含量明顯升高,且葉片較根系響應更為迅速。3、損傷處理后,在損傷程度水平上,冷蒿體內(nèi)總酚和黃酮含量逐漸升高;隨著處理時間延長則先升高后降低。葉片單寧含量隨處理時間升高,根系單寧含量則先升高后降低;中度和重度損傷后其含量變化較輕度更為明顯。4、多酚氧化酶(PPO)和苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)是植物體內(nèi)重要的防御酶,其活性的改變標志著植物化學防御體系正在發(fā)生改變。不同程度的損傷處理均能強烈誘導冷蒿葉片和根系內(nèi)PPO和PAL的活性,且誘導PPO的反應非常迅速,損傷后期其活性明顯降低。5、冷蒿水浸提液的主要成分是萜烯類化合物,此外還含有酚類、醇類、芳香烴和酮類化合物。損傷處理后,冷蒿水浸提液成分的總量在一定時間范圍內(nèi)增加,輕度處理后增加較緩慢且峰值出現(xiàn)晚,中度和重度處理后迅速增加,且在6 h達到峰值而后下降;輕度和中度處理后浸提液成分的種類增加,重度處理減少。各處理中萜烯類化合物的含量較對照明顯增加,其中8-羥基里哪醇的增加趨勢最為明顯。本文對不同程度機械損傷處理后的冷蒿膜脂脂肪酸含量、LOX活性、次生代謝產(chǎn)物含量及防御酶活性的研究表明,冷蒿在受到損傷后,生物膜系統(tǒng)被破壞,體內(nèi)的應激反應被激活,迅速誘導防御酶活性升高,調(diào)節(jié)次生物質(zhì)的表達與積累,對脅迫因子產(chǎn)生響應,使其抗性增強。通過探討冷蒿次生代謝防御系統(tǒng)對機械損傷的響應機制,為揭示草原植物冷蒿的耐牧性及其成為草原生態(tài)環(huán)境中重要保護者的原因提供新的資料和理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the effects of feeding and trampling damage on Artemisia frigida Willd.during grazing.The effects of secondary metabolism were studied on Artemisia frigida in Inner Mongolia grassland. The content of fatty acid in membrane lipid of leaves and roots of Artemisia frigida was determined by mechanical damage, and the activity of LOX, phenolic acid, tannin, flavonoids, and the content of fatty acid in leaves and roots of Artemisia frigida were determined.The content of total phenol, the activity of defense enzyme PPO-PAL and the composition of water extract were analyzed, and the temporal changes of PPO-PAL after different degrees of treatment were analyzed.The results were as follows: 1: 1. GC-MS analysis showed that there were 8 kinds of fatty acids in leaf and root membrane lipids of Artemisia frigida, mainly unsaturated fatty acids, but the composition was slightly different.The content of saturated fatty acid palmitic acid in the membrane lipids of Artemisia frigida increased generally, but the contents of unsaturated fatty acid linolenic acid, linoleic acid and 22 carbodienoic acid decreased.After mechanical injury, the activity of fatty acid metabolism-related enzyme LOX in Artemisia annua increased, reaching its maximum value at 24 h. Gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, Lv Yuan acid, caffeic acid, eugenic acid, p-coumaric acid were detected in each treatment.Ferulic acid and cinnamic acid 8 kinds of phenolic acid compounds.The contents of other seven phenolic acids in Artemisia annua were all increased except Lv Yuan acid, and most of them reached the highest level at 12 h, and the contents of free phenolic acid protocatechuic acid and ferulic acid increased obviously, and the response of leaves was more rapid than that of root system.The contents of total phenols and flavonoids in Artemisia annua increased gradually at the level of injury, and then decreased and increased at first with the increase of treatment time.The content of tannin in leaves increased first and then decreased with the increase of treatment time, and the change of content of tannin in roots was more obvious than that in mild and severe injury. PPOand phenylalanine ammonia lyase (pal) were important defense enzymes in plants.The change of its activity indicates that the plant chemical defense system is changing.The activities of PPO and PAL in leaves and roots of Artemisia annua were strongly induced by different degrees of injury, and the response to PPO was very rapid. The activity of PPO decreased significantly at the later stage of injury. The main component of water extract of Artemisia annua was terpene compounds.It also contains phenols, alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons and ketones.After damage treatment, the total composition of water extract of Artemisia annua increased in a certain time range, increased slowly and the peak value appeared late after mild treatment, increased rapidly after moderate and severe treatment, and reached the peak value at 6 h and then decreased.After mild and moderate treatments, the types of extracts increased, and severe treatments decreased.The contents of terpenes in all treatments were significantly higher than those of the control, and the increasing trend of 8-hydroxylinarol was the most obvious.In this paper, the content of fatty acid in membrane lipid and the activity of LOX, secondary metabolites and defense enzymes of Artemisia frigida treated with different degree of mechanical injury were studied. The results showed that after the damage, the biofilm system was destroyed and the stress reaction in vivo was activated.The activity of defense enzyme was increased rapidly, the expression and accumulation of secondary biomass were regulated, and the resistance of secondary biomass was enhanced by response to stress factors.The response mechanism of secondary metabolic defense system of Artemisia frigida to mechanical damage was discussed in order to provide new data and theoretical basis for revealing the herding tolerance of Artemisia frigida and the reasons why it became an important protector in grassland ecological environment.
【學位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S812.8

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