發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-31 21:45

  本文選題：醉馬草　切入點(diǎn)：生物多樣性　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本論文研究了一種由于種傳內(nèi)生真菌(Epichloe gansuensis)侵染而導(dǎo)致有毒的鄉(xiāng)土草-醉馬草(Achnatherum inebrians),在我國北方甘肅、寧夏、青海和內(nèi)蒙古的六個(gè)過度放牧多年草地上,對(duì)其它植物結(jié)種、節(jié)肢動(dòng)物多樣性和病害的生態(tài)調(diào)控作用。1.相比過度放牧區(qū)域,由于醉馬草的存在排斥了家畜的取食活動(dòng)為其它植物提供一個(gè)保護(hù)所,使得其它可食牧草完成生活周期而產(chǎn)生更多的種子。在甘肅夏河,調(diào)查的31種結(jié)種植物中,25種植物在醉馬草草叢區(qū)域比過度放牧的對(duì)照區(qū)域有顯著高的穗數(shù)或結(jié)種株數(shù)(P0.05)；在青海貴南,12種結(jié)種植物中有9種植物在醉馬草草叢區(qū)域比過度放牧的對(duì)照區(qū)域有顯著高的穗數(shù)或結(jié)種株數(shù)(P0.05)；在內(nèi)蒙古阿拉善,5種均在醉馬草草叢區(qū)域比過度放牧的對(duì)照區(qū)域有顯著高的穗數(shù)或結(jié)種株數(shù)(P0.05)。在三個(gè)試驗(yàn)點(diǎn),幾乎所有的節(jié)肢動(dòng)物類型均在醉馬草草叢區(qū)域比在沒有醉馬草生長的過牧對(duì)照區(qū)域有顯著高的數(shù)量(P0.05)。因此,在過度放牧的草地上醉馬草的存在為其它植物的種質(zhì)資源保存和節(jié)肢動(dòng)物的生物多樣性起到保護(hù)作用。2.醉馬草在6個(gè)調(diào)查點(diǎn)均嚴(yán)重感染白粉病(Blumeria graminis),銹病(Puccinia stipae-sibiricae)、黑粉病(Ustilago hypodytes)和麥角病(Claviceps purpurea)。在醉馬草發(fā)病葉部具有高的白粉寄生孢(Ampelomyces quisqualis)和銹寄生孢(Sphaerellopsis filum)的重寄生率；與過牧地相比,本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在22個(gè)科不同節(jié)肢動(dòng)物中,僅在醉馬草草叢下的土壤中發(fā)現(xiàn)具有食菌作用隱翅蟲科(Staphylinidae)Aleocharinae亞科昆蟲。在圍封一年的有、無醉馬草的過牧草地病害比試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),與有醉馬草的草地相比,在無醉馬草的草地中,大部分植物具有顯著高的發(fā)病水平。表明醉馬草對(duì)草地病害的發(fā)生具有重要的調(diào)控作用。3.醉馬草可以在鼢鼠Myospalax baileyi)和鼠兔(Ochotona curesezoniae)等嚙齒類草地挖掘動(dòng)物通過挖掘產(chǎn)生的裸地上定植,并通過該裸地進(jìn)行傳播。播種后,醉馬草幼苗在鼢鼠產(chǎn)生的鼠丘和仍然有一定植被蓋度的過牧地上的定植率差異顯著,分別是15.6%和0.6%(P0.05)；一齡醉馬草幼苗在鼠兔產(chǎn)生的禿斑和過牧地上的平均密度差異顯著,分別是2.48株/m2和0.03株/m2(P0.05)。4.經(jīng)與高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)和黑麥草(Lolium perenne)對(duì)比,醉馬草具有較強(qiáng)的分蘗、生長和結(jié)種能力；平均株高115.47 cm,平均株分蘗數(shù)為123.30個(gè),單株可產(chǎn)生5800粒成熟的種子。作為鄉(xiāng)土草種,醉馬草廣泛分布在中國西北氣候各異的草地上,具有強(qiáng)的抗生物逆境和非生物逆境的能力。因此,醉馬草具有作為環(huán)境與城市綠化草種的巨大潛力。
[Abstract]:In this paper, a poisonous native grass, Achnatherum inebriansa, which was infected by endophytic fungus Epichloe gansuensis, was studied in this paper. It has been planted on six overgrazing grasslands of Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia in the north of China.Diversity of arthropods and ecological regulation of disease.Compared with overgrazing areas, the existence of drunken horseshoe repels the feeding activities of livestock to provide a protective shelter for other plants, which makes other edible forage produce more seeds after their life cycle.In the Xia River, Gansu Province,Among the 31 species of seed bearing plants investigated, 25 species have significantly higher panicle number or higher seed number than the overgrazing control area, and 9 of the 12 seed bearing plants in Guinan, Qinghai Province, are in the ecstasy grass area.Compared with the overgrazing control area, the panicle number or the seed number of the control area was significantly higher than that of the control area, and the panicle number or the seed number of the five species were significantly higher than that of the overgrazing control area in the Alashan grass area of Inner Mongolia.In the three experimental sites, almost all arthropods had a significantly higher number of P0.05 in the ectophagous grass area than in the overgrazing control area without the growth of the inebriated horseshoe (P0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%, P 0. 05%).Therefore, the existence of Elaeagnus chinensis on overgrazing grassland can protect the germplasm resources of other plants and the biodiversity of arthropods.All of them were seriously infected with Blumeria graminis, Puccinia stipae-sibiricaeae, Ustilstilago hypodytesand Claviceps purpureaformis.Only in the soil under the herbaceous herbaceous is found that Staphylinidae (Staphylinidaeae) Aleocharinae has the function of feeding bacteria.It was found that most of the plants had a significantly higher incidence level in the herbage field without drunk horse grass than in the grassland without drunk horse grass, compared with the grassland without drunk horse grass for one year.The results showed that the steppe had an important role in regulating the occurrence of grassland diseases. 3.The rodent grass such as Myospalax Baileyi) and Ochotona curesezoniae can be planted on bare ground and spread through the naked land.It was 2.48 / m ~ 2 and 0.03 / m ~ 2 / m ~ (2) P _ (0.05) / m ~ (4), respectively.As a native herbaceous species, Elaeagnus chinensis is widely distributed on the grasslands with different climates in northwest China, and has strong ability to resist biological and abiotic stresses.As a result, Elaeagnus sinensis has great potential as an environmental and urban greening grass species.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812.6

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