本文選題：退化草原　切入點(diǎn)：氮添加　出處：《植物生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào)》2016年10期

【摘要】：不合理的土地利用方式以及氣候變化導(dǎo)致我國(guó)草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)普遍退化,主要表現(xiàn)在土壤養(yǎng)分降低、植被覆蓋度減少、生產(chǎn)力下降。外源氮素添加是促進(jìn)退化草原盡快恢復(fù)的一項(xiàng)重要措施,尤其是對(duì)那些退化較為嚴(yán)重的草原。該研究選取內(nèi)蒙古東烏珠穆沁旗不同退化程度(輕度、中度和重度)的草原群落,于2014 2015年開(kāi)展連續(xù)兩年的氮素添加實(shí)驗(yàn),設(shè)置對(duì)照(不添加)、低水平(5.0 g N·m~( 2)·a~( 1))、中水平(10.0 g N·m~( 2)·a~( 1))和高水平(20.0 g N·m~( 2)·a~( 1))4種氮素添加處理,探討退化草原群落生產(chǎn)力在恢復(fù)過(guò)程中對(duì)不同水平氮素添加的響應(yīng)。結(jié)果顯示:(1)高、中水平氮素添加顯著提高了輕度退化群落的地上生物量,分別比對(duì)照增加了53.1%、51.6%,氮素各水平添加對(duì)中度、重度群落地上生物量無(wú)顯著影響;(2)高、中水平氮素添加顯著提高了輕度退化群落中多年生根莖型禾草地上生物量,分別比對(duì)照增加了45.1%、47.7%,而多年生雜類(lèi)草地上生物量分別比對(duì)照減少了37.4%、42.1%,但中度和重度退化群落各功能群生物量的響應(yīng)不顯著;(3)三種水平氮素添加對(duì)輕、中、重度退化群落物種豐富度在試驗(yàn)期間均沒(méi)有顯著影響。研究結(jié)果表明氮素添加有助于提高輕度退化草原中多年生根莖型禾草的生物量,進(jìn)而提高群落的生物量,但多年生雜類(lèi)草會(huì)被逐漸替代,導(dǎo)致生物量降低,可見(jiàn)施氮對(duì)草原恢復(fù)的影響取決于草原退化程度。
[Abstract]:Unreasonable land use patterns and climate change lead to the general degradation of grassland ecosystem in China, which is mainly reflected in the decrease of soil nutrients and vegetation coverage. Exogenous nitrogen supplementation is an important measure to promote the restoration of degraded grasslands, especially for the degraded steppes. The study selected different degrees of degradation (mild, mild) in East Wuzhumqin Banner, Inner Mongolia. Two consecutive years of nitrogen supplementation experiments were conducted in moderate and severe grassland communities in 2014 to 2015. Four nitrogen supplementation treatments were set up under the control (no addition, low level of 5. 0 g Nm ~ (2)) ~ (1) N ~ (2), medium and high levels of 10. 0 g N ~ (2) N ~ (2) A ~ (1) a ~ (1), and 20. 0 g N ~ m (2 ~ 2) a ~ (1) a ~ (1) N ~ (1), respectively. The response of productivity of degraded grassland community to nitrogen supplementation at different levels during restoration was studied. The results showed that the addition of middle level nitrogen significantly increased the aboveground biomass of the degraded community. Compared with the control, the addition of nitrogen increased 53.1% and 51.6, respectively. The addition of nitrogen levels had no significant effect on the aboveground biomass of moderate and severe communities. The addition of medium level nitrogen significantly increased the biomass of perennial rhizomatous grass grassland in mildly degraded communities. Compared with the control, the biomass increased by 45.1 and 47.7, respectively, and the biomass on the perennial hybrid grassland was decreased by 37.4% and 42.1%, respectively, but the response of the biomass of the functional groups of the moderately degraded communities to the biomass of the functional groups in the moderately degraded communities was not significantly different from that of the control, and the response of the three levels of nitrogen supplementation to the biomass of the functional groups in the degraded communities was not significant. The results showed that nitrogen supplementation could increase the biomass of perennial rhizomatous grasses in mildly degraded steppe, and then increase the biomass of the community. But the perennial grasses will be gradually replaced, resulting in a decrease in biomass. It is clear that the effect of nitrogen application on grassland restoration depends on the degree of grassland degradation.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院植物研究所植被與環(huán)境變化國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(31670483和31430016) 中國(guó)科學(xué)院戰(zhàn)略性先導(dǎo)科技專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(XDB15010401)
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S812

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本文編號(hào)：1662011