本文選題：玉米秸稈　切入點(diǎn)：飼草化裝置　出處：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：玉米從2012年開(kāi)始成為我國(guó)種植面積第一大糧食作物,其產(chǎn)量逐年增加,玉米秸稈產(chǎn)量隨之增加。玉米秸稈營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富,是牲畜的主要粗飼料來(lái)源,畜牧業(yè)的長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展離不開(kāi)秸稈資源的利用,秸稈養(yǎng)畜是糧食生產(chǎn)和畜牧業(yè)共同發(fā)展的重要舉措。目前阻礙秸稈養(yǎng)畜大規(guī)模實(shí)施的原因主要是玉米秸稈體積龐大造成的不便運(yùn)輸和適口性不好引起的利用率不高,玉米秸稈的飼草化裝置可有效解決這一問(wèn)題。本文設(shè)計(jì)制造的玉米秸稈飼草化裝置可安裝在聯(lián)合收割機(jī)上,實(shí)現(xiàn)籽粒收獲和秸稈飼草化聯(lián)合作業(yè),利于玉米秸稈收獲后水分蒸發(fā),打捆處理或直接飼喂。本文是在考察玉米秸稈力學(xué)特性的基礎(chǔ)上,研制了玉米秸稈飼草化裝置試驗(yàn)臺(tái)。對(duì)試驗(yàn)臺(tái)進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)后根據(jù)結(jié)果進(jìn)一步對(duì)撕裂部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),確定結(jié)構(gòu)和運(yùn)動(dòng)參數(shù),完成的具體內(nèi)容如下:1.利用萬(wàn)能試驗(yàn)機(jī)考察了收割期玉米秸稈莖節(jié)部位的縱向剪切特性和壓縮特性:以縱向剪切力作為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),以行刀速度、刀具角度和莖節(jié)的部位為主要因素,進(jìn)行三因素的二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn);用收獲時(shí)期和行刀速度、刀具角度、莖節(jié)部位分別進(jìn)行雙因素試驗(yàn),分析三組雙因素分別對(duì)試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)縱向剪切力的影響;以莖節(jié)部位、壓縮方向?yàn)橹饕蛩剡M(jìn)行雙因素試驗(yàn),分析此二因素對(duì)試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)壓力的影響。2.根據(jù)秸稈飼草化的要求及試驗(yàn)結(jié)果利用Solidworks軟件進(jìn)行了與東風(fēng)4YX-2立輥式玉米聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)配套安裝的玉米秸稈飼草化裝置的建模設(shè)計(jì),干涉檢查后制造裝置實(shí)體。3.為便于裝置參數(shù)的調(diào)節(jié)搭建了裝置的試驗(yàn)臺(tái),試驗(yàn)臺(tái)主要由機(jī)架、摘穗輥、撕裂輥、入料臺(tái)、出料口、傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)、控制系統(tǒng)、扭矩測(cè)試系統(tǒng)等部分組成。為了測(cè)試撕裂輥上不同前角角度鋸片的飼草化性能,本文設(shè)計(jì)了-15°、20°、30°三種前角角度的鋸片。4.利用研制的玉米秸稈飼草化試驗(yàn)臺(tái),對(duì)影響玉米秸稈飼草化的圓形鋸片前角角度、摘穗輥撕裂輥速度差和收獲時(shí)期三項(xiàng)因素進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究,最終依據(jù)實(shí)際情況確定工作最優(yōu)組合為:采用摘穗輥轉(zhuǎn)速800rpm,撕裂輥轉(zhuǎn)速1200rpm-1400rpm,撕裂輥圓形鋸片前角30°,收獲時(shí)期為玉米籽粒成熟后盡早收獲,在此工作參數(shù)下能提高合格率,最大程度降低功耗且能夠避免纏草問(wèn)題發(fā)生。經(jīng)過(guò)對(duì)玉米秸稈飼草化裝置試驗(yàn)臺(tái)的一系列試驗(yàn),驗(yàn)證本課題研究的玉米秸稈飼草化裝置運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)平穩(wěn),安全可靠,工作性能良好,最佳飼草化合格率為88.4%,。主要性能指標(biāo)均能夠滿足玉米秸稈飼草化的需求。
[Abstract]:Maize has become the largest grain crop in China since 2012, and its yield has increased year by year, and the yield of corn straw has increased. Corn straw is rich in nutrition and is the main source of coarse feed for livestock. The long-term development of animal husbandry can not be separated from the utilization of straw resources. Straw raising is an important measure for the joint development of grain production and animal husbandry. At present, the main reason for hindering the large-scale implementation of straw livestock is the inconvenient transportation caused by the huge volume of corn straw and the low utilization rate caused by poor palatability. The forage plant of corn straw can solve this problem effectively. The device designed and manufactured in this paper can be installed on the combine harvester to realize the joint operation of grain harvest and straw forage. In this paper, the mechanical properties of corn stalks were investigated on the basis of their moisture evaporation, bundled treatment or direct feeding. The test bench of corn straw forage equipment was developed. The tearing parts were further designed according to the test results, and the structure and motion parameters were determined. The main contents are as follows: 1. The longitudinal shear and compression characteristics of the stem node of corn straw in harvest period were investigated by using universal testing machine: the longitudinal shear force was taken as the evaluation index, and the cutting speed was taken as the index. The angle of cutting tool and the position of stem node are the main factors, and the quadratic orthogonal rotation combination test of three factors is carried out, and the double-factor experiment is carried out with the time of harvest, the speed of the cutting tool, the angle of the tool and the part of the stem node, respectively. The effects of three groups of double factors on the longitudinal shear stress of the test index were analyzed. 2. According to the requirements of straw forage and the test results, the modeling design of corn straw forage unit installed with Dongfeng 4YX-2 vertical roller corn combine harvester was carried out by using Solidworks software. For the convenience of adjusting the parameters of the device, the test bed is mainly composed of the frame, the pick roll, the tear roll, the feed table, the discharge port, the transmission mechanism, the control system, In order to test the forage performance of the saw blade with different front angles on the tear roller, three kinds of front angle saw blades, -15 擄20 擄and 30 擄, were designed in this paper. Three factors, such as the angle of the circular saw blade, the speed difference of the picking roll and the harvest time, which influence the forage of corn straw were studied. Finally, according to the actual situation, the optimal combination was determined as follows: pick roll speed 800rpm, tear roll speed 1200rpm-1400rpm, tear roll circular saw blade front angle 30 擄, harvest period for corn grain maturation as early as possible, and the qualified rate could be increased under this working parameter. Through a series of experiments on the test rig of corn straw forage plant, it is verified that the research corn straw forage device runs smoothly, is safe and reliable, and has good performance. The best pass rate of forage was 88.4%, and the main performance indexes could meet the demand of corn straw forage.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S817.1

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本文編號(hào)：1655924