本文選題：種雞場　切入點：禽白血病　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：禽白血病(Avian leucosis,AL)、禽網(wǎng)狀內(nèi)皮組織增殖癥(Reticuloendotheliosis,RE)和雞白痢(Pullorumdisease,PD)是嚴(yán)重危害我國養(yǎng)雞業(yè)的傳染病,這三種疫病的病原均可經(jīng)卵垂直傳播,凈化是控制這3種疫病的關(guān)鍵措施。按照《國家中長期動物疫病防治規(guī)劃(2012-2020年)》要求,到2020年國內(nèi)全部種禽場的禽白血病和雞場沙門氏菌病達(dá)凈化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此,掌握上述三種疫病在我國祖代種雞群中的感染狀況,對開展凈化工作具有重要意義。本研究在2011～2016年間,采用ELISA和平板凝集方法對我國祖代種雞場進(jìn)行了 ALV-p27抗原、ALV-J抗體、ALV-A/B抗體、REV抗體和雞白痢抗體抽樣檢測,監(jiān)測范圍涉及19個省、市、自治區(qū)的60個祖代種雞場,檢測蛋清樣品44476份,血清樣品46502份,共獲得檢測數(shù)據(jù)229639個。通過對群間、空間、時間上的分布情況分析,解析不同疫病感染水平的變化情況和內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。監(jiān)測結(jié)果顯示,6年中,ALV-p27抗原場陽性率為18.75%～66.67%,個體陽性率為0.07%～4.64%; ALV-J 抗體場陽性率為 26.32%～64.71%,個體陽性率為 0.35%～5.57%; ALV-A/B抗體場陽性率為36.84%～88.24%,個體陽性率為1.58%～9.23%。ALV-J亞群和ALV-A/B亞群混合感染的場陽性率在15.79%～58.82%之間。表明ALV感染在祖代種雞場廣泛存在,2011～2016年間,場陽性率均在35%以上,個體陽性率呈現(xiàn)逐年上升趨勢,ALV-J亞群和ALV-A/B亞群混合感染現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重。不同亞群混合感染使ALV檢測和防控難度增加,應(yīng)有針對性地采取ALV通用檢測技術(shù),確保對感染雞群的凈化淘汰效果。2011～2016年間,REV抗體的場陽性率為63.16%～88.24%,個體陽性率為2.71%～13.22%。表明祖代雞場中REV抗體檢出率在三種病中最高,總體流行趨勢先升后降。種雞場REV感染大量存在,會對于雞群總體免疫能力造成影響,影響雞場其他疫病的控制。各年度的雞白痢抗體場陽性率在17.65%～78.95%,個體陽性率在0.34%～6.73%。經(jīng)對比分析表明,祖代雞場中雞白痢抗體檢出率在6年間變化較大,其個體陽性率與雞群REV、ALV感染率率的變化趨勢一致。雞白痢作為祖代種雞群長期重點防控的疫病,其感染率出現(xiàn)了較大幅度的波動變化,應(yīng)與REV、ALV等免疫抑制性疾病的影響有關(guān)�；旌细腥痉治鲲@示,兩種或三種疫病混合感染現(xiàn)象的雞場比例在23.53%～68.42%之間,其中三種疫病混合感染最為普遍;而混合感染兩種病的雞場中,REV與ALV或雞白痢混合感染的雞場比較多,ALV與雞白痢混合感染的雞場則較少。表明祖代雞場中ALV、REV和雞白痢混合感染現(xiàn)象較為嚴(yán)重。祖代雞群中的ALV、REV、雞白痢感染普遍存在,可能會增加種雞群向其下一代感染的風(fēng)險。三種疫病的混合感染情況也提示我國祖代種雞場在種源引進(jìn)、預(yù)防疫苗污染、監(jiān)控雞群感染狀態(tài)方面存在疏漏。本研究還對不同代次、不同品種、不同來源祖代種雞群疫病感染情況進(jìn)行了差異顯著性分析。結(jié)果顯示,ALV-p27抗原、ALV-J抗體、REV抗體和雞白痢抗體在祖代種雞的檢出率大于曾祖代種雞,差異極顯著;肉種雞的檢出率大于蛋種雞,差異極顯著;地方品種雞的檢出率大于進(jìn)口品種雞和國內(nèi)自培育種雞,差異極顯著。ALV-A/B抗體在曾祖代種雞的檢出率大于祖代種雞,差異極顯著;肉種雞的檢出率大于蛋種雞,差異不顯著;國內(nèi)自培育種雞的檢出率大于進(jìn)口品種雞和地方品種雞,差異極顯著。監(jiān)測結(jié)果表明,祖代種雞場、肉種雞、地方品種雞感染ALV-J、REV和雞白痢的風(fēng)險較高;曾祖代種雞場、肉種雞、國內(nèi)自培育種雞感染ALV-A/B的風(fēng)險較高。應(yīng)根據(jù)不同疫病的流行特點對風(fēng)險較大的祖代雞群進(jìn)行重點監(jiān)控。
[Abstract]:Avian leukosis (Avian leucosis, AL), reticuloendotheliosis (Reticuloendotheliosis, RE) and Pullorosis (Pullorumdisease, PD) is a serious infectious disease of poultry industry in our country, these three kinds of disease pathogens could be detected by egg vertical transmission, purification is the key measure to control this disease. According to the 3 National. In long-term animal disease prevention and control planning (2012-2020) > requirements, by 2020 all domestic poultry farm avian leukemia and chicken salmonellosis as purification standard. Therefore, grasping the infection status of three kinds of diseases in the group of grandparent breeder in China, is of great significance to carry out purification work. This study in 2011~2016 years using ELISA and agglutination methods for our ancestral farm of ALV-p27 antigen, ALV-J antibody, ALV-A/B antibody, REV antibody detection and sampling pullorum antibody Monitoring covers 19 provinces, city, autonomous region 60 Zudai chicken egg white detection of 44476 samples, 46502 serum specimens were obtained, detection data of 229639. Through the space of the group, and analyze the distribution of time, changes in levels of infection diseases and different analytical relation. The monitoring results show that 6 years in the field of ALV-p27 antigen positive rate was 18.75% ~ 66.67%, the positive rate of individual is 0.07% ~ 4.64%; ALV-J antibody field positive rate was 26.32% ~ 64.71%, the positive rate of individual is 0.35% ~ 5.57%; ALV-A/B antibody positive rate was 36.84% ~ 88.24% field, the individual positive rate was 1.58% ~ 9.23%.ALV-J subsets and ALV-A/B subsets in the field of mixed infection was positive in 15.79% ~ 58.82% shows. There widely in the grandparent farms were infected with ALV 2011~2016 years, the positive rate was more than 35%, the individual positive rate is rising year by year, ALV-J and ALV-A/B subgroup mixed infection phenomenon. Different subsets of mixed The detection and prevention of ALV infection increased the difficulty, should be targeted to take ALV detection technology to ensure the elimination of general, purification effect of.2011 to infection of chickens during 2016 field REV antibody positive rate was 63.16% ~ 88.24%, the positive rate of the individual is 2.71% ~ 13.22%. showed that the rate of detection of REV antibody in three kinds of diseases in the highest ancestral farms in general, the popular first and then decreased. There are a lot of infected farms REV, will be affected for chickens overall immunity effects of other diseases. Controlling the chicken pullorum antibody positive rate in the field each year from 17.65% to 78.95%, the individual positive rate showed that in 0.34% ~ 6.73%. by comparative analysis, the detection of Salmonella pullorum antibody rate changes in the past 6 years in the large ancestral farms, the positive rate of individual and chicken REV, ALV infection rate. The same trend as the Pullorosis GP breeders group long-term focus on the prevention and control of epidemic disease, the infection rate appeared Change greatly, and REV, the effects of ALV and other immunosuppressive diseases. Mixed infection analysis showed that the proportion of farms in two or three kinds of diseases in the phenomenon of mixed infection in 23.53% ~ 68.42%, of which three kinds of diseases in mixed infection and mixed infection is most common; two kinds of disease in chicken, REV with ALV or mixed infection of chicken Pullorosis more, ALV and mixed infection of chicken Pullorosis is less. That ancestral farms in ALV, REV and Pullorosis mixed infection is more serious. The grandparent chickens in ALV, REV, common infection pullorum disease, may increase the risk to the next group of chicken generation of infection. The mixed infection of three kinds of diseases have also suggested that China's farm progenitor provenance introduction, vaccine contamination, omissions monitoring chickens infected state. The study of different generations, different varieties, different sources of grandparent breeder The infection of disease group were analyzed. The results show significant difference, ALV-p27 antigen, ALV-J antibody, REV antibody and Pullorosis antibody in the detection rate is greater than the great grandparent breeder breeders, significant differences; broiler detection rate of more than chicken eggs, extremely significant difference; our products chicken detection rate of more than imported varieties and since the cultivation of domestic chicken breeder, significant differences in.ALV-A/B antibody in GGP breeder detection rate of more than GP breeders significantly; broiler breeders, the detection rate of more than chicken eggs, the difference was not significant; the domestic self cultivation breeder detection rate higher than imported varieties and local varieties of chicken chicken, the monitoring results show that the extremely significant difference. Grandparent, chicken, chicken meat, local varieties of chickens infected with ALV-J, the higher risk of REV and Pullorosis; GGP farm, chicken meat, domestic culture breeding chickens infected with ALV-A/B at high risk should be based on different disease. The epidemic characteristics of key monitoring of high risk grandparent chickens.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S858.31

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