發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-16 20:07

  本文選題：腸道菌群結(jié)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：肉兔　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：家兔極易感染病原微生物而引起嚴(yán)重的胃腸道疾病,尤其在斷奶后2~3周內(nèi)。益生菌、低聚寡糖和酸化劑等抗生素替代品,可促進(jìn)腸道有益菌的增殖且抑制病原微生物的生長(zhǎng),從而有利于維持腸道健康,本論文檢測(cè)了斷奶后肉兔盲腸微生物多樣性,并研究了兩種復(fù)合添加劑分階段添加對(duì)肉兔腸道健康和生長(zhǎng)性能的影響試驗(yàn)一采用IlluminaMiSeq測(cè)序技術(shù)分析斷奶幼兔盲腸微生物的多樣性本試驗(yàn)旨在檢測(cè)斷奶幼兔盲腸菌群結(jié)構(gòu)及變化情況。試驗(yàn)選取30窩同日出生、胎次相同和平均窩重差異不顯著的健康新生仔兔,于14日齡開始補(bǔ)飼,斷奶當(dāng)日(30日齡)從30窩仔兔中選取48只體重相近的健康仔兔進(jìn)行單籠飼養(yǎng),試驗(yàn)期飼糧不添加抗生素。分別于斷奶當(dāng)天及斷奶后一周、兩周和三周隨機(jī)選取6只健康幼兔屠宰,無菌采集盲腸內(nèi)容物,從中選取3個(gè)樣本提取其中的微生物基因組DNA,采用IlluminaMiSeq測(cè)序技術(shù)檢測(cè)微生物組成。結(jié)果表明:(1)幼兔盲腸微生物群落多樣性指數(shù)隨日齡的增長(zhǎng)有升高的趨勢(shì)(P0.10)。(2)不同日齡幼兔盲腸微生物各菌門的相對(duì)豐度差異不顯著(P0.05),主要由厚壁菌門、擬桿菌門、變形菌門和疣微菌門組成;在科水平上,厚壁菌門主要由瘤胃球菌科和毛螺旋菌科組成,擬桿菌門主要由擬桿菌科和紫單胞菌科組成;在屬水平上,擬桿菌屬、Barnesiella、Akkermansia、普雷沃氏菌屬和四種未知菌屬為優(yōu)勢(shì)菌屬,其中,擬桿菌屬和Parabacteroides在斷奶當(dāng)天顯著高于其他日齡(P0.05)。(3)幼兔盲腸中均存在乳桿菌屬,且相對(duì)豐度在各日齡組間差異不顯著(P0.05)。本研究顯示,斷奶時(shí)健康幼兔盲腸微生物區(qū)系已基本建立,擬桿菌屬豐度最大,但斷奶后隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)微生物組成趨于復(fù)雜。試驗(yàn)二兩種添加劑組合分階段添加對(duì)肉兔和腸道健康生長(zhǎng)性能的影響本試驗(yàn)研究了兩種添加劑組合(組合I:B.subtilis+2‰果寡糖;組合Ⅱ:2‰酸化劑+0.6‰精油)分階段添加對(duì)肉兔生長(zhǎng)性能、腸道微生物、盲腸發(fā)酵和十二指腸形態(tài)的影響。試驗(yàn)選取288只新生伊拉仔兔,隨機(jī)分為6個(gè)處理,即對(duì)照組(飼喂基礎(chǔ)日糧)、抗生素組(添加0.1‰桿菌肽鋅)、C組(全期添加組合II)、D組(斷奶前添加組合I+斷奶后添加組合Ⅱ)、E組(斷奶前添加組合I+斷奶后兩組合均添加)、F組(斷奶前組合I+斷奶后前2周組合Ⅱ+斷奶后后2周組合I)。每個(gè)處理6個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)8只仔兔,于15日齡開始補(bǔ)飼,35日齡斷奶。35日齡和77日齡時(shí)從每重復(fù)選取一只接近平均體重的健康幼兔進(jìn)行屠宰。結(jié)果顯示:(1)處理顯著影響肉兔15~77日齡期間死亡率(P0.05),且對(duì)15~35日齡期間ADG及36~77日齡期間料肉比有降低的趨勢(shì)(P0.10);F組肉兔15~35日齡和15~77日齡期間腹瀉率顯著低于對(duì)照組和抗生素組(P0.05)。(2)處理對(duì)肉兔35日齡盲腸pH值有影響趨勢(shì)(P0.10);與對(duì)照組相比,抗生素和組合I可顯著降低盲腸內(nèi)氨態(tài)氮濃度(P0.05),并提高乙酸濃度(P0.05);對(duì)照組盲腸內(nèi)總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸的濃度顯著低于其它各組(P0.05)。處理沒有影響肉兔77日齡時(shí)盲腸發(fā)酵參數(shù)(P0.05)。(3)抗生素、組合Ⅱ和組合I均降低了肉兔35日齡回腸內(nèi)大腸桿菌數(shù)量(P0.05);E組及F組肉兔77日齡盲腸內(nèi)擬桿菌-普雷沃氏菌數(shù)量顯著高于對(duì)照組、抗生素組和C組(P0.05);處理有影響肉兔77日齡盲腸總菌、35日齡盲腸大腸桿菌及擬桿菌-普雷沃氏菌數(shù)量的趨勢(shì)(P0.10)。(4)斷奶前添加組合I各組35日齡十二指腸VCR顯著高于對(duì)照組和C組(P0.05);E組和F組肉兔77日齡十二指腸隱窩深度顯著低于對(duì)照組和抗生素(P0.05),且VCR明顯高于對(duì)照組和抗生素組(P0.05)。本研究表明,E組及F組中添加劑的配伍模式可促進(jìn)肉兔生長(zhǎng),改善腸道健康。
[Abstract]:The rabbit easily infected with pathogenic microorganisms and cause serious gastrointestinal diseases, especially in 2~3 weeks after weaning. Probiotics, oligosaccharides and acidulant substitutes for antibiotics, can promote intestinal bacteria proliferation and inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, to maintain intestinal health, this paper test after weaning rabbit caecum microorganism diversity, and study the two kinds of compound additive stage effects on rabbit intestinal health and growth performance test by IlluminaMiSeq sequencing analysis of diversity rabbit cecum microorganism in the test is designed to detect rabbit caecal microflora and changes. The experiment selects 30 litters born on the same day, the same parity and mean there was no significant difference between the litter weight of healthy newborn rabbits, began feeding at the age of 14, on the day of weaning (30 days old) from 30 litters in a total of 48 rabbits with similar body weight. The rabbits were reared in single cage, the test period diet without antibiotics. After weaning and weaning day in a week, two weeks and three weeks were randomly selected from 6 healthy young rabbits were slaughtered, sterile collection of cecal contents, 3 samples of microbial DNA extraction from the selection, using IlluminaMiSeq sequencing technology to detect microorganisms. The results showed that: (1) rabbit cecal microbial community diversity index increased with the increase of age increased (P0.10). (2) the relative abundance of different ages of young rabbit cecal microorganisms the bacteria door was not significant (P0.05), mainly composed of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria the door and verrucomicrobia; at family level, Firmicutes, and mainly by Ruminococcus lachnospiraceae division, Bacteroidetes is mainly composed of quasi science and purple Bacillus Aeromonas division; at genus level, Bacteroides, Barnesiella, Akkermansia, Poulet Was and sp. Four unknown bacteria were dominant genera. Among them, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides in weaning day was significantly higher than that of other age (P0.05). (3) the genus Lactobacillus have rabbit cecum, and the relative abundance in each age group no significant difference (P0.05). This study shows that the broken milk when healthy rabbits caecum microflora has been basically established, Bacteroides species abundance, but with the growth of microorganisms after weaning age composition tends to be complex. Tests of 22 kinds of additive combination stages add effect on rabbit growth performance and intestinal health of the test of two kinds of additive combination (combination of I:B.subtilis+2% FOS; combination II 2:% acidifier +0.6% oil) stages add growth performance of rabbit intestinal microorganisms, effects of cecal fermentation and duodenal morphology. The experiment selects 288 IRA newborn rabbits were randomly divided into 6 treatments: control group (feeding 鍩虹鏃ョ伯),鎶楃敓绱犵粍(娣誨姞0.1鈥版潌鑿岃偨閿，

本文編號(hào)：1621471