本文選題：日糧蛋白質(zhì)供給　切入點(diǎn)：肉品質(zhì)　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本論文旨在研究日糧蛋白質(zhì)供給對豬肉品質(zhì)、氮排放、血液循環(huán)游離氨基酸池以及腸道生理功能的作用及機(jī)制。試驗(yàn)一研究在必需氨基酸(Essential amino acid,EAA)和代謝能平衡的基礎(chǔ)上,日糧粗蛋白質(zhì)(Crude protein,CP)水平和來源對豬生長性能、氮排放和肉品質(zhì)的影響。試驗(yàn)選取72頭初始體重為89.5 ±0.9 kg的母豬,按照隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì)原則分為四組,設(shè)計(jì)2×2析因試驗(yàn),飼喂不同CP水平(12%vs.14%)和來源(豆粕vs.棉粕)的日糧,試驗(yàn)期28 d。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,降低日糧CP水平對豬日增重和蛋白質(zhì)沉積沒有顯著影響(P0.10),但顯著降低豬的氮攝入量、氮排放量、血清尿素氮含量和背最長肌pH45min,顯著提高背最長肌的游離賴氨酸、蛋氨酸和總游離氨基酸含量以及氮效率(P0.05);棉粕代替豆粕有提高日增重的趨勢(P = 0.08),且顯著提高采食量、氮攝入量以及背最長肌的游離纈氨酸含量,顯著降低背最長肌的總苯丙氨酸、色氨酸、酪氨酸和半胱氨酸含量(P0.05)。試驗(yàn)二分為兩個(gè)動(dòng)物試驗(yàn),研究在EAA和代謝能平衡基礎(chǔ)上,降低日糧CP水平(即蛋白質(zhì)限飼)對豬小腸氨基酸吸收和血液循環(huán)游離氨基酸池的影響。動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)Ⅰ選擇72頭初始體重為29.9 ± 1.5 kg的母豬,按照隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì)原則分為三組,分別飼喂CP水平為18%、16%和14%的日糧,飼喂28 d,檢測全腸道表觀消化率和空腸黏膜氨基酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體蛋白表達(dá)。動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)Ⅱ選擇12頭初始體重為22.7 ±1.3 kg的去勢公豬,按照隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì)原則分為兩組,安裝多重血插管,分別飼喂動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)Ⅰ中的18%和14%CP日糧,手術(shù)前后分別飼喂7 d,檢測氨基酸和指示劑濃度,并計(jì)算血液循環(huán)游離氨基酸池和門靜脈游離氨基酸流通速率/流通量。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,蛋白質(zhì)限飼顯著降低胰臟指數(shù)(P0.05),在全腸道表觀消化率方面,賴氨酸、蛋氨酸和纈氨酸隨著日糧蛋白質(zhì)水平降低而線性升高(P0.05),精氨酸、谷氨酸、天冬氨酸、甘氨酸、絲氨酸和酪氨酸則線性降低(P0.05)。蛋白質(zhì)限飼縮小血液循環(huán)中除賴氨酸和蘇氨酸外的所有游離氨基酸池(P0.05),顯著降低門靜脈的大部分游離氨基酸流通速率(P0.05)。蛋白質(zhì)限飼顯著上調(diào)小肽轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體表達(dá),但抑制中性和堿性氨基酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體表達(dá)(P0.05)。試驗(yàn)三研究在日糧EAA和凈能平衡基礎(chǔ)上蛋白質(zhì)限飼對豬腸道生理功能的作用及其機(jī)制。試驗(yàn)選用16頭初始體重為13.5 ±0.5 kg的去勢公豬,按照隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì)原則分為兩組,分別飼喂CP水平為18%和14%的飼糧,飼喂28 d,分析空腸黏膜蛋白質(zhì)組和mTOR信號(hào)通路。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,蛋白質(zhì)限飼顯著降低豬蛋白質(zhì)攝入量、日增重和空腸絨毛長度,改善飼料轉(zhuǎn)化效率(P0.05)。在空腸黏膜中總共鑒定到5,275種可定量的蛋白質(zhì),其中包括202種差異表達(dá)蛋白(變化倍數(shù)2.0)。蛋白質(zhì)限飼增強(qiáng)豬小腸黏膜蛋白質(zhì)/碳水化合物消化、緊密連接結(jié)構(gòu)和細(xì)胞粘附蛋白表達(dá)以及機(jī)體對外源性抗原的反應(yīng)過程;抑制氨基酸跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)、先天免疫和自身免疫以及細(xì)胞增殖與凋亡。蛋白質(zhì)限飼通過抑制mTOR信號(hào)通路下調(diào)氨基酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)與細(xì)胞增殖。綜上,蛋白質(zhì)供給通過改變豬的肌肉氨基酸組成改變?nèi)馄焚|(zhì),降低日糧蛋白質(zhì)水平有利于減少氮排放;蛋白質(zhì)限飼抑制豬腸道氨基酸吸收、縮小血液循環(huán)游離氨基酸池和降低門靜脈游離氨基酸流通速率與流通量;蛋白質(zhì)限飼對豬小腸黏膜氨基酸消化吸收、免疫功能、細(xì)胞更新和基因表達(dá)調(diào)控產(chǎn)生全方位的影響。豬小腸黏膜mTOR信號(hào)通路通過感應(yīng)氨基酸供給對小腸生理功能起中樞調(diào)節(jié)作用。
[Abstract]:This paper aims to study the dietary protein supply on pork quality, nitrogen emission, the effect and mechanism of blood circulation of free amino acid pool and intestinal physiological function. Experimental study in essential amino acids (Essential amino, acid, EAA) based on the energy balance and metabolism, dietary crude protein (Crude, protein, CP) level and sources on the growth performance of pigs, effects of nitrogen emissions and meat quality. The experiment selects 72 head initial weight was 89.5 + 0.9 kg sows, according to randomized block design principles are divided into four groups, 2 * 2 factorial design, with different level of CP (12%vs.14%) and sources (soybean meal vs. cottonseed meal diet) 28, test results of D. test showed that the decrease of dietary CP levels on pig weight gain and protein deposition had no significant effect (P0.10), but significantly reduced the nitrogen intake of pigs, nitrogen emissions, serum urea nitrogen content and longissimus muscle pH45min, significantly improve the longissimus muscle Free lysine, methionine and total free amino acid content and the nitrogen use efficiency (P0.05); cottonseed meal instead of soybean meal increased ADG trend (P = 0.08), and significantly increased feed intake, nitrogen intake and free valine content of longissimus muscle, significantly reduce the total phenylalanine of longissimus muscle, tryptophan acid, tyrosine and cysteine content (P0.05). The test is divided into two two animal experiment study in EAA and metabolic energy balance on the basis of reducing dietary CP levels (i.e. protein restriction) effect on porcine intestinal absorption of amino acids and free amino acid pool of blood circulation. Animal test of 72 head initial body weight 29.9 + 1.5 kg sows, according to a randomized block design and divided into three groups and were fed the CP level of 18%, 16% and 14% of the diet, feeding 28 d, the apparent digestibility and jejunal mucosal amino acid transporter protein expression. The animal experiment of whole gut 12 head initial weight was 22.7 + 1.3 kg castrated boars, according to random block design principles are divided into two groups, install multiple blood intubation, were fed animal test of 18% and 14%CP diets were fed 7 d before and after surgery, detection of amino acids and concentration of indicator, and calculate the blood circulation and free amino acid pool portal vein / circulation flow rate of free amino acid. The results showed that protein restriction significantly reduced pancreas index (P0.05), in terms of total tract apparent digestibility, lysine, methionine and valine as the dietary protein level decreased linearly increased (P0.05), arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glycine, serine and tyrosine are decreased (P0.05). Protein restriction reduced all the free amino acid pool in lysine and threonine outside the blood circulation (P0.05), significantly reduce the circulation of most free amino acids of portal vein. Rate (P0.05). Protein restriction increased the peptide transporter expression, but inhibited alkaline and neutral amino acid transporter expression (P0.05). Experiment three studied in diet EAA and net energy balance based on the effect of feeding on protein limit of pig intestinal physiological function and its mechanism. 16 test head initial body weight of 13.5 + 0.5 kg castrated boars selected according to randomized block design principles are divided into two groups, were fed CP for 18% and 14% of the level of diet, feeding 28 d, analysis of jejunal mucosa proteome and mTOR signaling pathway. The results showed that protein restriction was significantly lower in pig protein intake, weight gain and villus length, improve feed conversion efficiency (P0.05). In the jejunum mucosa were identified to 5275 protein quantitative protein expression, 202 kinds of differences (including changes in multiples of 2). Protein restriction enhanced porcine intestinal mucosa protein / carbohydrate Complex digestion, tight junction and cell adhesion protein expression and the reaction process of exogenous antigen; inhibition of amino acid transport across the membrane, innate immunity and immune response, cell proliferation and apoptosis. Protein restriction reduced amino acid transport and cell proliferation by inhibiting the mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, protein supply by changing the amino acids in the muscle of pigs the changes in the composition of meat quality, reduce the level of dietary protein helps to reduce nitrogen emissions; protein restriction inhibits pig intestinal absorption of amino acids, reduce the blood circulation of free amino acid pool and reduce portal vein circulation and circulation rate of free amino acids; protein restriction on porcine intestinal amino acid digestion and absorption, immune function, cell renewal and gene expression effect of regulation and control. To generate a full range of porcine intestinal mucosa mTOR pathway through the induction of amino acid supply on physiological function in small intestine The pivot of regulation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S828.5

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