本文選題：豬　切入點(diǎn)：無(wú)抗生素發(fā)酵飼料　出處：《河南科技學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：抗生素在養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)中通過飼料廣泛使用,影響豬肉質(zhì)量安全,造成環(huán)境污染,對(duì)人類健康和公共衛(wèi)生造成危害,利用益生菌發(fā)酵飼料替代抗生素飼料是解決途徑之一。本文用本課題組研發(fā)的無(wú)抗生素發(fā)酵飼料飼喂后,通過觀察豬小腸的組織形態(tài)和黏膜免疫相關(guān)細(xì)胞數(shù)量變化,對(duì)豬小腸吸收和黏膜免疫功能的影響進(jìn)行了研究,為闡明無(wú)抗生素發(fā)酵飼料促消化和抗病的機(jī)理提供試驗(yàn)依據(jù)。本試驗(yàn)選取初生健康乳豬120頭,隨機(jī)分成試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,每組6個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)10頭豬。試驗(yàn)組在斷奶、生長(zhǎng)和育肥階段的飼料中分別加入10%、20%和30%發(fā)酵飼料,營(yíng)養(yǎng)和能量水平調(diào)到與對(duì)照組相當(dāng),對(duì)照組飼喂常規(guī)的含有抗生素飼料。在5d、15d、25d、44d、75d和180d時(shí)期,進(jìn)行屠宰采樣,每個(gè)重復(fù)隨機(jī)抽取1頭豬,采樣取十二指腸、空腸和回腸,用4%多聚甲醛固定,通過H-E染色來(lái)觀察小腸黏膜形態(tài)、PAS染色測(cè)定杯狀細(xì)胞數(shù)目和免疫組化染色測(cè)定M細(xì)胞和CD3+T細(xì)胞數(shù)目。結(jié)果顯示:通過對(duì)腸道黏膜形態(tài)、絨毛長(zhǎng)度、隱窩深度、絨毛隱窩比值(絨腺比)和絨毛杯狀細(xì)胞數(shù)目的觀察和統(tǒng)計(jì)。黏膜形態(tài):試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組在黏膜形態(tài)上觀察無(wú)明顯差異。絨毛長(zhǎng)度:試驗(yàn)組十二指腸自25日齡開始整體都略高于對(duì)照組,但差異不顯著(P0.05);空腸自15日齡開始,試驗(yàn)組絨毛長(zhǎng)度高于對(duì)照組,在44日齡時(shí),試驗(yàn)組比對(duì)照組高7.19%,差異顯著(P0.05),在其他日齡差異不顯著(P0.05);回腸在44日齡和75日齡,試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組相比差異顯著(P0.05),其他日齡差異不顯著(P0.05)。隱窩深度:試驗(yàn)組在5d、15d、25d、44d、75d和180d時(shí)都低于對(duì)照組,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。絨腺比:在5d、15d、25d、44d、75d和180d時(shí)十二指腸和空腸試驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組相比,差異不顯著(P0.05),回腸在44日齡試驗(yàn)組顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05),其他日齡差異不顯著(P0.05)。小腸絨毛杯狀細(xì)胞數(shù):在44日齡時(shí),十二指腸、空腸和回腸試驗(yàn)組極顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.01),在75日齡時(shí)只有十二指腸試驗(yàn)組極顯著低于對(duì)照組(P0.01),其他日齡差異不顯著(P0.05)。表明無(wú)抗生素發(fā)酵飼料能夠促進(jìn)小腸消化吸收功能。通過對(duì)上皮間淋巴細(xì)胞(IEL)、M細(xì)胞和CD3+T細(xì)胞的檢測(cè)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),在44日齡十二指腸和空腸試驗(yàn)組的IEL數(shù)比對(duì)照組高,差異極顯著(P0.01),在75日齡試驗(yàn)組十二指腸、空腸和回腸IEL數(shù)比對(duì)照組高,差異顯著(P0.05),其他日齡差異不顯著(P0.05);而對(duì)M細(xì)胞和CD3+T細(xì)胞數(shù)檢測(cè),試驗(yàn)組整體上都比對(duì)照組略多,但差異不顯著(P0.05)。說(shuō)明無(wú)抗生素發(fā)酵飼料對(duì)腸道黏膜免疫功能有一定的促進(jìn)功能�？傊�,通過本試驗(yàn)研究表明,飼喂無(wú)抗生素發(fā)酵飼料后,可以增加十二指腸、空腸和回腸的絨毛長(zhǎng)度,降低隱窩深度,提高絨腺比,增加了小腸內(nèi)壁的吸收面積,且減少絨毛杯狀細(xì)胞數(shù)目,增加腸上皮細(xì)胞與營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)接觸機(jī)會(huì),增強(qiáng)腸道的吸收功能;并能增加小腸上皮間淋巴細(xì)胞、M細(xì)胞和CD3+T細(xì)胞數(shù)量,從而提高小腸的黏膜免疫力。表明無(wú)抗生素發(fā)酵飼料可以提高營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的消化吸收,改善腸道的黏膜免疫。結(jié)合本課題組前期關(guān)于無(wú)抗生素發(fā)酵飼料的促生長(zhǎng)作用和提高免疫功能的研究結(jié)果,證明無(wú)抗生素發(fā)酵飼料可以替代抗生素飼料用于養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)。
[Abstract]:Through feed antibiotics in pig production are widely used, affecting the quality and safety of pork, causing environmental pollution, harm to human health and public health, the use of probiotics fermented feed substitution antibiotic feed is one of the solutions. No antibiotic fermentation feed by the group's research and development, the number of tissue morphology and mucosal immunity associated to observe the change of cells of pig intestine, influence of porcine intestinal absorption and mucosal immune function were studied to provide the experimental basis for elucidating the mechanism of antibiotic fermentation feed without promoting digestion and resistance. This study selected primary health suckling pig 120, were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, each with 6 replicates, each with 10 pigs. 10%. In the experimental group were added to weaning, growth and fattening stage in feed, 20% and 30% fermented feed, nutrition and energy level to the control group and the control group. With conventional antibiotic feed. In 5D, 15d, 25d, 44d, 75D and 180d, were slaughtered samples in each group were randomly selected from 1 pigs, sampling duodenum, jejunum and ileum, fixed by 4% paraformaldehyde by H-E staining to observe the intestinal morphology, PAS staining and determination of the number of goblet cells immunohistochemical determination of M cell and CD3+T cell number. The results showed: the mucosal morphology, intestinal villus length and crypt depth and villus crypt ratio (cashmere gland ratio) and the number of goblet cells in the villi of observation and statistics. The mucosal morphology: experimental group and control group in the mucosal morphology was observed. No significant differences in villus length test group: duodenum from 25 days of age started the whole are slightly higher than the control group, but the difference was not significant (P0.05); jejunum from 15 days of age, the experimental group of villus length was higher than the control group, at the age of 44 days, the experimental group than the control group 7.19%, the difference 鏄捐憲(P0.05),鍦ㄥ叾浠栨棩榫勫樊寮備笉鏄捐憲(P0.05);鍥炶偁鍦，

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