本文選題：牦牛　切入點：瘤胃代謝　出處：《蘭州大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：試驗選用四組日糧,包括(干物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ))低氮(6.45%)、中低氮(12.18%)、中高氮(17.81%)、高氮(23.49%),研究不同氮水平日糧對牦牛瘤胃發(fā)酵特征,養(yǎng)分利用狀況,尿嘌呤衍生物(purine derivative,PD)排出量的影響以及利用尿PD估測瘤胃微生物蛋白產(chǎn)量。試驗采用4×4拉丁方的設(shè)計,4頭體況體重相近(192±12kg)的3歲去勢、健康的公牦牛被隨機分為4組。試驗分四期進行,每期21天,其中預(yù)試期15天,正試期6天,消化代謝部分采用全收糞尿法。日糧包括精料和粗料,其中精料中性洗滌纖維(neutral detergent fibre,NDF)和代謝能(metabolizable energy,ME)相同而氮水平不一致；粗料為青稞秸稈。試驗結(jié)論如下：1、瘤胃液pH值受飼喂后時間的影響顯著(P0.05),飼喂后呈“,飼型先降后升趨勢,但不受日糧的氮水平影響(P0.05)；瘤胃揮發(fā)性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acids,VFA)中,異丁酸、異戊酸比例及總酸濃度均隨著氮水平的升高而增加(P0.05),其余VFA各酸比例以及乙丙比則不受氮水平影響(P0.05)。隨著氮水平的升高,瘤胃微生物氮產(chǎn)量顯著增加(P0.01)。在中高氮水平日糧組,牦牛微生物蛋白產(chǎn)量最大,為267.81g/d。本試驗的創(chuàng)新點是,優(yōu)化了微生物蛋白氮(MN,g/d)與嘌呤攝入量(X,mmol/d)的關(guān)系式：MN=70X/(0.12×0.83×1000)=0.703X(低氮水平飼喂組)MN=70X/(0.12×0.83×1000)=0.703X(中低氮水平飼喂組)MN=70X/(0.15×0.83×1000)=0.562X(中高氮水平飼喂組)MN=70X/(0.19 x 0.83×1000)=0.444X(高氮水平飼喂組)其中,70：單位毫摩爾嘌呤的氮量；0.83：嘌呤消化率；0.12和0.19：嘌呤氮/總氮。2、采食總氮量、可消化氮量、瘤胃微生物合成氮量、尿氮和尿中尿素氮排出量以及氮存留量均隨著氮水平升高而顯著增加P0.01),而糞氮排出量,氮沉積率不受氮水平影響(P0.05)。3、粗蛋白(crude protein,CP)消化率隨氮水平的升高而呈顯著增加(P0.01),而有機質(zhì)(organic matter,OM).干物質(zhì)(dry matter,DM).酸性洗滌纖維(acid detergent fibre, ADF)和中性洗滌纖維(neutral detergent fibre, NDF)的消化率則不受氮水平影響(P0.05)。4、牦牛尿中PD主要為尿酸和尿囊素兩種物質(zhì)。尿囊素和尿酸排量隨氮水平的升高而顯著升高(P0.05)。通過氮存留量與PD建立的模型：PD排出量(mmol/d)=106.34 x氮存留量(g/KgBW0.75/d)+22.104 (n=16; R2=0.9754),估測出內(nèi)源PD為0.41 mmol/(Kg BW0.75·d)。
[Abstract]:Four groups of diets were used in the experiment, including (dry matter basis) low nitrogen 6.45m, low and low nitrogen 12.18, medium and high nitrogen 17.81, high nitrogen 23.490.To study the characteristics of rumen fermentation and nutrient utilization in yak with different nitrogen levels. The effect of purine derivative PDD on excretion and the estimation of rumen microbial protein production by urine PD were used in this study. A 4 脳 4 Latin square design was used for 3 year old castration with similar body weight of 192 鹵12 kg. Healthy male yaks were randomly divided into 4 groups. The trial was conducted in four phases, 21 days each, including 15 days in advance and 6 days in positive trials. Among them, neutral detergent fiber (neutral) and metabolic energy (MEM) were the same and nitrogen levels were different. The results showed that the pH value of rumen fluid was significantly affected by the time after feeding (P0.05), and the feeding type decreased first and then increased. However, it was not affected by the nitrogen level in the diet, and isobutyric acid was found in volatile fatty acidsof rumen volatile fatty acids. The ratio of isovaleric acid and total acid concentration increased with the increase of nitrogen level, while the ratios of other VFA acids and ethylc were not affected by nitrogen level. With the increase of nitrogen level, microbial nitrogen production in rumen increased significantly. The production of microbial protein in yak was the highest, at 267.81 g / d. The innovation of this experiment was:. The relationship between microbial protein nitrogen (MNN) and purine intake was optimized by using the formula of: MNN 70XP 0.12 脳 0.83 脳 10000.703X (low nitrogen level feeding group) 0.12 脳 0.83 脳 10000.703X. (MNN 70X70 X / r / r = 0.15 脳 0.83 脳 1000kW 0.562X (medium and high nitrogen level feed group) 0.19 x 0.83 脳 1000x 0.444X (high level feed group)) of which 70 N: a unit of millipurine. Purine digestibility 0.12 and 0.19: purine nitrogen / total nitrogen. 2, total nitrogen intake, The amount of digestible nitrogen, the amount of nitrogen produced by rumen microorganisms, the excretion of urine nitrogen and urea nitrogen in urine, and the amount of nitrogen retention increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen level, while the excretion of fecal nitrogen increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen level. The digestibility of crude crude protein (CPF) was significantly increased with the increase of nitrogen level, while the digestibility of organic matter was increased with the increase of nitrogen level. The digestibility of acid detergent fiber (ADFF) and neutral detergent fiber (Ndfs) was determined by dry matter dry matter.Acid detergent fiber (ADFF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). PD in yak urine was mainly allantoic acid and allantoin. The excretion of allantoin and allantoin increased significantly with the increase of nitrogen level. The endogenous PD was estimated to be 0.41 mmol/(Kg BW0.75 路d0.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823.85

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