本文關鍵詞： 防疫認知水平 家禽養(yǎng)殖戶 禽流感 調查　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國一直以免疫接種、隔離消毒相結合的方法來控制禽流感,但免疫接種技術就目前的發(fā)展水平并不能夠清除雞群中的禽流感疫情,禽流感的防控關鍵取決于禽流感發(fā)生后是否能夠迅速控制疫情。國內的家禽養(yǎng)殖戶眾多,想要采取步調一致地防疫政策非常困難,在這種情況下,取得養(yǎng)殖戶支持便成為在國內防疫取得成功的關鍵所在。而獲得養(yǎng)殖農(nóng)戶的支持,首先應該摸清養(yǎng)殖戶的基本情況,掌握養(yǎng)殖戶的養(yǎng)殖情況以及對禽流感防控政策意愿,這樣在制定具體政策的時候,才能起到較好的效果。家禽養(yǎng)殖戶是接觸活禽最多的群體,禽流感疫情爆發(fā)后,家禽養(yǎng)殖人員是最容易受到感染的群體,首先通過調查這個群體的禽流感特點、禽流感防護以及防治方面的知識,然后才能采取有效措施提高他們的禽流感防預水平,這也是禽流感防控工作的重要工作之一。本研究實地走訪聊城市中的六個縣區(qū)的養(yǎng)殖戶,通過聊城市家禽養(yǎng)殖戶的走訪,調查采用調查問卷調查、面對面訪談以及對養(yǎng)殖設施進行實地參觀的方式,得到的主要結論如下:1.受訪的家禽養(yǎng)殖戶基本了解禽流感的基本癥狀,大部分家禽養(yǎng)殖戶有基本的禽流感防控知識,但部分養(yǎng)殖戶仍然不能正確區(qū)分典型的禽流感和普通流感癥狀,對禽流感的傳播途徑認識不足。2.受訪養(yǎng)殖戶的養(yǎng)殖設備普遍落后,缺少現(xiàn)代化的設備,如何引導當?shù)剞r(nóng)戶完善養(yǎng)殖防疫設施,也是今后進行禽流感防控工作中需要重點關注的課題。3.多數(shù)家禽養(yǎng)殖場所布局不合理,養(yǎng)雞場飼養(yǎng)環(huán)境污染嚴重;雞場之間的消毒不規(guī)范,不統(tǒng)一;免疫程序不規(guī)范問題突出;當?shù)胤酪唧w系、疫情預警體系尚未建立,養(yǎng)殖戶普遍沒有建立起發(fā)現(xiàn)疫情立即報告的觀念。4.大部分養(yǎng)殖戶沒有參加規(guī)范的家禽防疫培訓,當?shù)氐膶I(yè)獸醫(yī)力量不足,當?shù)赜嘘P部門在家禽疫病診療和防控上的投入不足;受訪養(yǎng)殖戶中只是極少數(shù)參加養(yǎng)殖保險;受訪家禽養(yǎng)殖戶對我國和當?shù)卣那萘鞲蟹乐握吡私膺�不透徹,甚至有誤解,需要進一步加強當?shù)氐那萘鞲蟹揽卣叩男麄�。本文所做的調查,業(yè)內人士和相關部門工作人員可以作為工作中的參考。目的是希望能夠得到養(yǎng)殖戶和職能部門的重視,制定出合理的禽流感防控措施,避免養(yǎng)殖戶和相關從業(yè)者蒙受經(jīng)濟損失。
[Abstract]:In recent years, our country has been using the method of combining immunization with isolation and disinfection to control avian influenza, but the current level of development of immunization technology can not eliminate the avian influenza epidemic in chickens. The key to the prevention and control of avian influenza depends on whether it can be quickly controlled after the outbreak of avian influenza. There are so many poultry farmers in the country that it is very difficult to adopt a concerted policy to prevent the disease. Under such circumstances, Obtaining the support of farmers becomes the key to success in epidemic prevention in China. To obtain the support of farmers, we should first find out the basic situation of the farmers, grasp the breeding situation of the farmers and their willingness to prevent and control avian flu. In this way, when formulating specific policies, we can achieve better results. Poultry farmers are the most exposed to live poultry. After the outbreak of avian influenza, poultry farmers are the most vulnerable to infection. First of all, by investigating the bird flu characteristics of this group, the knowledge of bird flu prevention and control, and then we can take effective measures to improve their bird flu prevention and preparedness level. This is also one of the important tasks of bird flu prevention and control. In this study, we visited livestock farmers in six counties and districts in Liaocheng City. Through the visits of poultry farmers in Liaocheng City, the survey was conducted with a questionnaire survey. Face-to-face interviews and field visits to breeding facilities, the main conclusions are as follows: 1.The poultry farmers interviewed basically understand the basic symptoms of avian flu. Most poultry farmers have basic knowledge of bird flu prevention and control. However, some farmers are still unable to correctly distinguish the typical symptoms of avian flu from common influenza, and they do not have enough understanding of the transmission of avian influenza .2. the breeding equipment of the farmers surveyed is generally backward and lacks modern equipment. How to guide the local farmers to improve the breeding and epidemic prevention facilities is also a key issue to be paid attention to in the future avian flu prevention and control work. 3. The distribution of most poultry breeding places is unreasonable, and the environment pollution of chicken farms is serious; The disinfection between chicken farms is not standardized and unified; the problem of non-standard immunization procedures is prominent; the local epidemic prevention system and the epidemic warning system have not yet been established. Farmers generally did not establish the concept of reporting the epidemic situation immediately. Most farmers did not participate in the standardized poultry epidemic prevention training, the local professional veterinary force is insufficient, the local departments concerned in poultry disease diagnosis and treatment and prevention and control of insufficient investment; Only a very small number of the farmers surveyed participated in aquaculture insurance. The poultry farmers interviewed did not have a thorough understanding of the bird flu prevention policy of our country and the local government, or even misunderstandings. We need to further strengthen the publicity of the local bird flu prevention and control policy. The investigation done in this paper can be used as a reference in our work by insiders and staff of relevant departments. The purpose is to get the attention of breeders and functional departments. To formulate reasonable measures to prevent and control avian flu to avoid economic losses to farmers and related practitioners.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S855.3

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