本文關(guān)鍵詞： 奶牛數(shù)字化管理 在線乳成分分析 反芻 活動量 奶牛定位　出處：《山東大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：奶牛數(shù)字化管理的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)在于通過各種先進(jìn)的電子設(shè)備采集奶牛的信息,再經(jīng)計算機(jī)軟件分析,得出與奶牛有關(guān)的各種數(shù)據(jù),為奶牛飼養(yǎng)人員提供各種飼養(yǎng)建議。該系統(tǒng)主要由奶牛信息采集設(shè)備和奶牛信息分析軟件組成。奶牛信息采集設(shè)備是實現(xiàn)奶牛數(shù)字化管理的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),包括在線乳成分分析儀、奶牛反芻監(jiān)測裝置、奶牛活動量監(jiān)測裝置和奶牛定位裝置四部分,這些采集設(shè)備將每頭奶牛各種數(shù)據(jù)記錄下來,然后通過數(shù)據(jù)鏈路上傳到運(yùn)行奶牛信息分析軟件的計算機(jī)進(jìn)行分析處理。在線乳成分分析儀是一種實時、快速、低成本的在線式牛奶成分分析儀器,是實現(xiàn)牛奶生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)代化的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一,對提高牛奶的品質(zhì)有至關(guān)重要的作用。分析儀可以實時測量牛奶的蛋白質(zhì)、脂肪、乳糖含量,并將測量到的數(shù)據(jù)實時傳輸?shù)接嬎銠C(jī)系統(tǒng),由專用的計算機(jī)軟件判斷原奶的品質(zhì),并控制電磁閥將不同品質(zhì)的原奶送到不同的容器中,從而實現(xiàn)了原奶的分離功能。該儀器還可以用于檢測每頭奶牛的健康狀況,簡化奶牛的飼養(yǎng)管理。奶牛反芻監(jiān)測與奶�；顒恿勘O(jiān)測主要用于檢測奶牛的健康狀態(tài)。奶牛的反芻節(jié)奏和時間與奶牛的健康狀況有密切的關(guān)系,通過對反芻信號進(jìn)行采集和分析,可以更精確的檢測奶牛的生理活動,并及時發(fā)現(xiàn)反芻動物的健康問題。通過監(jiān)控奶牛的活動量,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)情的母牛,以便達(dá)到確定配種日期的目的。奶牛定位裝置用于對牛場內(nèi)帶有識別裝置的奶牛進(jìn)行定位,并且顯示在地圖上,可以隨時找到發(fā)情或者生病的奶牛,同時可以記錄下奶牛的運(yùn)動軌跡,作為奶�；顒恿勘O(jiān)測的依據(jù)。本論文共有以下創(chuàng)新點：(1)在線乳成分分析儀采用了先進(jìn)的LED光源技術(shù),不同于傳統(tǒng)的光譜分析儀器,使用低成本的LED代替了昂貴的光學(xué)分光器件,大大降低了生產(chǎn)成本以及整機(jī)功耗,同時縮小了儀器的體積,加快了測量速度,可以做到每一個擠奶位置配置一臺。(2)在線乳成分分析儀可以在線測量,測量過程不會污染樣品,可以實現(xiàn)對單頭奶牛的乳成分監(jiān)測與不同品質(zhì)牛奶的分離兩個傳統(tǒng)乳成分分析儀無法實現(xiàn)的功能。(3)在線乳成分分析儀采用了恒溫技術(shù),對光源部分進(jìn)行了恒溫處理,可以有效的抑制環(huán)境溫度改變對測量結(jié)果的影響。(4)在線乳成分分析儀采用了300～1000nm的波段,不同于研究較多的的近紅外(0.8～2.5μm)、中紅外(2.5～25μm)牛奶成分分析方法,具有獨創(chuàng)性。(5)反芻信息采集裝置采用了壓電陶瓷傳感器,相對于駐極體麥克風(fēng)大大降低了噪聲,提高了整體的可靠性。(6)反芻信息采集裝置采用了低功耗的電路設(shè)計,大大延長了電池使用時間,使用壽命內(nèi)無需更換電池,使用更加方便。(7)反芻信息采集裝置采用了防水、防塵、防碰撞設(shè)計,安裝在奶牛頸部不易損壞,提高了可靠性,大大延長了使用壽命。(8)奶牛活動性監(jiān)測裝置采用了創(chuàng)新的傳感器與分析算法,可以安裝于奶牛的頸部,因此可以將奶�；顒有员O(jiān)測裝置與反芻信息采集裝置整合在一起,安裝使用更加方便。(9)將定位技術(shù)應(yīng)用于奶牛,并且在衛(wèi)星地圖上顯示奶牛的位置,在國內(nèi)外均屬于首創(chuàng)。(10)采用基于ARM的嵌入式系統(tǒng)設(shè)計上位機(jī),相對于PC平臺上位機(jī)降低了生產(chǎn)成本。
[Abstract]:The key technology of the digital management of dairy cattle is through a variety of advanced electronic equipment acquisition of dairy information analysis by computer software, draw all kinds of data and dairy related, provide suggestions for feeding dairy personnel. The system consists of data acquisition and analysis software design and preparation. The cow cow information is the key to realize the information collection equipment technology of digital management of dairy cattle, dairy cows components including online analyzer, ruminant monitoring device, monitoring device of dairy cattle activity quantity and positioning device of four parts, the acquisition equipment per cow data record, and then through the data link to upload operation cow information analysis software of computer analysis and processing. The online analyzer is a component of milk a real-time, rapid, low cost online milk components analysis instrument, is to realize the modernization of the production of milk off One of the key technology, has a crucial role in improving the quality of the milk. The analyzer can be real-time measurement of milk protein, fat, lactose content, and the data real-time transmission to the computer system by a special computer software to determine the raw milk quality, and control the solenoid valve will be different to the different quality of raw milk the container, so as to realize the separation function of raw milk. The instrument can also be used for the detection of each cow's health status, feeding and management of dairy cows. Dairy ruminants simplify monitoring and cow activity monitoring is mainly used for the detection of cow health status. There is a close relationship between dairy ruminant rhythm and time and the health status of dairy cows by. The collection and analysis of ruminant signals, physiological activity can be detected more accurately the cows, and find the health problems of ruminant animal. By monitoring the cow activity, can Found estrous cow, in order to achieve the purpose of determining the breeding date. Cow positioning device used to identify the device with a cattle farm in dairy cows for positioning, and displayed on the map, you can always find the estrus or sick cows, and can record the trajectory of the cow, cow activity monitoring as the basis. This thesis consists of the following innovations: (1) milk components on-line analyzer using LED light source technology, different from the traditional spectrum analysis instrument, using low cost LED instead of expensive optical devices, greatly reduces the production cost and power consumption, and reduced the size of the instrument, the measurement time, can to configure each milking position one. (2) online milk analyzer component can be measured online, the measurement process does not pollute the sample, can realize the monitoring of milk components and single cow The separation of different quality milk features two traditional milk analyzer can not be achieved. (3) the milk composition analyzer thermostatic technology, the light source part of the temperature, the ambient temperature can inhibit the effective influence on the measurement results. (4) the composition of Milk Analyzer 300 ~ 1000nm band. Different from the study of near infrared (0.8 ~ 2.5 m), mid infrared (2.5 ~ 25 m) milk composition analysis method, has the originality. (5) the ruminant information acquisition device uses a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, the electret microphone can greatly reduce noise, improve the overall reliability. (6) the ruminant information device adopts the circuit design of low power consumption, greatly prolong the service life of the battery usage time, there is no need to replace the battery, more convenient to use. (7) the ruminant information acquisition device uses a waterproof, dustproof, anti collision design The installation damage in the neck, the cow is not easy, improves the reliability, greatly prolong the service life. (8) the cow activity monitoring device used in the sensor and analysis of innovative algorithms that can be installed on the cow's neck, so the cow activity monitoring device and information acquisition device of ruminant together, the installation and use of more convenient. (9) the positioning technology is applied to the cow, and the cow display position in the satellite map, both at home and abroad are first. (10) the design of the embedded system based on ARM, compared to the PC platform on the machine reduces the cost of production.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S823;TP274

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