本文關(guān)鍵詞： 禽白血病病毒 雞傳染性貧血病病毒 禽流感疫苗 免疫效果 影響　出處：《中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：高致病性禽流感(HPAI)是世界動物衛(wèi)生組織(OIE)規(guī)定必須報告動物疫病,也是我國規(guī)定的一類烈性傳染病,其暴發(fā)不僅給養(yǎng)禽業(yè)造成的巨大經(jīng)濟損失,還給人類公共衛(wèi)生安全帶來潛在威脅。世界上多個國家地區(qū)采取疫苗免疫和撲殺相結(jié)合的綜合策略來防控HPAI,中國利用該方法防控HPAI取得了顯著成效。然而,當前HPAI還時有發(fā)生,除病毒等發(fā)生變異因素外,還與諸多因素影響疫苗的免疫效果有關(guān)。本研究主要探討禽白血病病毒(ALV)和雞傳染性貧血病病毒(CIAV)對禽流感(AI)疫苗的免疫抑制作用,為臨床AI疫苗應(yīng)用和分析免疫失敗的原因提供參考依據(jù)。本研究選取黑龍江分離株ALV HLJR0901株和CIAV WDNE110501株,分別進行對AI滅活疫苗和禽流感-新城疫二聯(lián)活疫苗的免疫效果影響評估。1日齡SPF雞感染ALV或CIAV后,再按照正常免疫程序免疫禽流感疫苗,進行血清抗體監(jiān)測、攻毒后發(fā)病和死亡情況及排毒測定、外周血淋巴細胞CD4+/CD8+值測定、外周血淋巴細胞增殖指數(shù)(SI)測定、細胞因子水平檢測。同期設(shè)未感染ALV和CIAV的禽流感疫苗組,進行相應(yīng)項目檢測。結(jié)果顯示,ALV和CIAV感染對體液免疫和疫苗的攻毒保護效果有顯著影響。ALV和CIAV感染使AI疫苗免疫抗體明顯下降且高峰期延后,而且這種免疫抑制作用持續(xù)存在,至免疫后63d仍存在顯著差別(p0.05),未感染ALV的雞免疫Re-8滅活疫苗在第28d達峰值8.7 log2,而感染ALV雞在第35d達峰值5.4 log2;未感染ALV的雞免疫rLH5-8疫苗后第35d達峰值3.9 log2,而感染ALV雞在免疫后第42d達峰值1.8 log2。當免疫21 d攻毒AI強毒時,感染CIAV與不感染CIAV的滅活疫苗(Re-8)免疫雞平均HI抗體分別為3.0log2和7.8log2;感染CIAV與不感染CIAV的新禽二聯(lián)活疫苗(rLH5-8)免疫雞平均HI抗體分別為1.2log2和2.7log2。ALV和CIAV感染顯著降低AI疫苗抗強毒攻擊的保護效果,且對新禽二聯(lián)活疫苗免疫效果的抑制作用更為顯著。感染ALV后,Re-8滅活疫苗免疫雞存活率從100%降至90%,排毒率從0升至40%;ALV對rLH5-8活疫苗的免疫效果影響更大,使其抗死亡保護率從100%降為0;CIAV感染使滅活疫苗免疫雞存活率從100%降至80%,排毒率從0升至40%;使新禽二聯(lián)活疫苗免疫雞存活率從100%降為0;排毒率從0升至100%(10/10)。細胞免疫檢測結(jié)果顯示,ALV和CIAV感染對細胞免疫反應(yīng)有明顯的抑制作用。ALV和CIAV感染后,使AI滅活疫苗(Re-8)和新禽二聯(lián)活苗(rLH5-8)免疫后誘導(dǎo)的外周血CD4+/CD8+值和SI值顯著下降,能顯著上調(diào)IFN-γ和IL-2。本研究表明,ALV和CIAV感染均可顯著降低AI滅活疫苗和活疫苗的免疫效果,而且對活疫苗的免疫效果影響更大,提示進行高致病性禽流感免疫防控時,需高度重視免疫抑制病的影響。
[Abstract]:HPAI (highly pathogenic Avian Influenza) is a kind of severe infectious disease that must be reported by the World Animal Health Organization (OIE). It is not only a huge economic loss caused by the poultry industry, but also a severe infectious disease prescribed by our country. There is also a potential threat to human public health and safety. Many countries in the world adopt a comprehensive strategy of vaccine immunization and culling to prevent and control HPAI. China has achieved remarkable results in preventing and controlling HPAI by using this method. However, the current HPAI still occurs from time to time. In addition to the mutational factors such as virus, it is also related to many factors affecting the immune response of the vaccine. This study was designed to investigate the immunosuppressive effect of avian leukemia virus (ALV) and chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) on avian influenza (AIV) vaccine. To provide reference for clinical application of AI vaccine and analysis of the causes of the failure of immunity, we selected ALV HLJR0901 strain and CIAV WDNE110501 strain from Heilongjiang province. The immune effects of inactivated AI vaccine and combined live vaccine of avian influenza and Newcastle disease were evaluated respectively. After 1-day-old SPF chickens were infected with ALV or CIAV, the avian influenza vaccine was immunized according to the normal immunization procedure, and the serum antibody was monitored. The incidence, death and detoxification, the CD4 / CD8 ratio of peripheral blood lymphocytes, the proliferation index of peripheral blood lymphocytes and cytokine levels were measured. The avian influenza vaccine group with no ALV and CIAV infection was set up at the same time. The results showed that the infection of ALV and CIAV had a significant effect on the protection of humoral immunity and vaccine against virus infection. ALV and CIAV infection significantly decreased the immune antibody of AI vaccine and delayed the peak period, and the immunosuppressive effect persisted. There was still a significant difference at 63 days after immunization. The inactivated Re-8 vaccine without ALV reached a peak value of 8.7 log2 on the 28th day, while the ALV vaccine reached a peak value of 5.4 log2 on the 35th day, and a peak value of 3.9 log2 on the 35th day after the inoculation of the rLH5-8 vaccine without ALV infection, and a peak value of 3.9 log2 on the 35th day after the inoculation with ALV. The chicken reached a peak value of 1.8 log2 on the 42nd day after immunization. The average HI antibody was 3.0 log2 and 7.8 log2 in chickens immunized with CIAV and re-8 without CIAV, respectively. The average HI antibody was 1.2 log2 and 2.7 log2.ALV and 2.7 log2.ALV and CIAV were significantly decreased in chickens immunized with CIAV and non-infected live avian vaccine rLH5-8, respectively, and the average HI antibody was 1.2log2 and 2.7log2.ALV and 2.7log2.ALV, respectively. Protective effects against highly toxic attacks, After infection with ALV, the survival rate of chickens immunized with re-8 inactivated vaccine decreased from 100% to 90, and the detoxification rate increased from 0 to 40. The survival rate of chickens immunized with inactivated vaccine decreased from 100% to 80, and the rate of detoxification increased from 0 to 40. The survival rate of chickens immunized with the new combined live vaccine decreased from 100% to 0; the rate of detoxification increased from 0 to 100%. The results showed that ALV and CIAV infection had obvious inhibitory effect on cellular immune response. After ALV and CIAV infection, The CD4 / CD8 and SI values of peripheral blood induced by inactivated AI vaccine Re-8) and new live bird vaccine rLH5-8) were significantly decreased, and IFN- 緯 and IL-2 were upregulated significantly. The results showed that both ALV and CIAV infection could significantly reduce the immune efficacy of inactivated AI vaccine and live vaccine. Moreover, the immune effect of live vaccine is more significant, which suggests that we should attach great importance to the influence of immunosuppressive disease in the prevention and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：S858.31

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