發(fā)布時間：2018-02-25 08:10

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 設(shè)計 控制系統(tǒng) 自動檢測 奶牛 精準飼喂 采食行為 數(shù)據(jù)分析　出處：《農(nóng)業(yè)工程學報》2017年07期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：為開展奶牛精準飼喂及采食行為學研究,設(shè)計了一種集自動識別、飼喂、數(shù)據(jù)自動采集、數(shù)據(jù)分析與處理于一體的奶牛飼喂自動機電控制系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)包括機械裝置、電子識別系統(tǒng)、料槽稱質(zhì)量系統(tǒng)、中央控制系統(tǒng)、現(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)存貯及遠程數(shù)據(jù)提取與分析系統(tǒng)等幾部分。其中,機械裝置包括料斗、支撐座、欄桿和阻擋單元等;電子識別系統(tǒng)包括閱讀天線及料門啟閉的氣動裝置;料槽稱質(zhì)量系統(tǒng)除支撐座外,還有嵌入的質(zhì)量傳感器及線路;中央控制系統(tǒng)包括微處理器、看門狗復位電路、讀卡器電路、稱質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)采集電路、數(shù)據(jù)通信電路、數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)器電路及外圍驅(qū)動與穩(wěn)壓電路等�，F(xiàn)場數(shù)據(jù)存貯電路接受來自各個飼喂系統(tǒng)的中央控制系統(tǒng)發(fā)送的采食行為數(shù)據(jù),其主板結(jié)構(gòu)與中央控制系統(tǒng)基本一致,預設(shè)可存貯記錄數(shù)為14 000條,且采用堆棧數(shù)據(jù)存貯模式。遠程PC端數(shù)據(jù)提取與分析系統(tǒng)實時管理采食行為數(shù)據(jù),并提供多功能的數(shù)據(jù)挖掘分析。系統(tǒng)測試結(jié)果表明,對牛只低頻RFID(134 kHz)電子耳標的識讀率為100%,料及槽的計量范圍為0.01~200 kg,最低稱量精度10 g,實際稱量相對誤差≤0.15%,同時滿足奶牛對最大采食量及精準飼喂對計量的需求。系統(tǒng)的采食行為試驗表明,奶牛的日均采食次數(shù)、采食時間及采食量等采食行為均差異顯著(P0.05),符合奶牛的采食行為特點。具體地,奶牛日均采食次數(shù)10~13次,日均采食時間5.38 h,而奶牛個體實際采食量與NRC(National Research Council)模型預測的采食量有-4.76%~7.83%的偏差,可能是由各種內(nèi)外部因素及NRC模型的普適度造成的,有待進一步研究�？傊�,該系統(tǒng)能較好地實現(xiàn)奶牛個體的精細化飼喂,為研究奶牛的采食行為特點提供了在線、智能化的自動數(shù)據(jù)采集與分析平臺。
[Abstract]:In order to carry out the research on the precise feeding and feeding behavior of dairy cattle, a kind of automatic mechanical and electrical control system for dairy cow feeding is designed, which integrates automatic identification, feeding, data automatic collection, data analysis and data processing. Electronic identification system, feed tank quality system, central control system, field data storage and remote data extraction and analysis system, etc. Among them, the mechanical device includes hopper, support seat, railing and blocking unit, etc. The electronic identification system includes a pneumatic device for reading the antenna and the opening and closing of the material door; a feed slot quality system includes an embedded mass sensor and a circuit in addition to the support seat; and a central control system includes a microprocessor, a watchdog reset circuit, and a card reader circuit, and a central control system includes a microprocessor, a watchdog reset circuit, and a card reader circuit. The quality data acquisition circuit, the data communication circuit, the data transceiver circuit and the peripheral drive and voltage stabilizing circuit, etc.; the field data storage circuit receives the feeding behavior data from the central control system of each feeding system. The structure of the main board is basically consistent with that of the central control system. The default number of storable records is 14 000, and the stack data storage mode is adopted. The remote PC data extraction and analysis system manages the feeding behavior data in real time. And provides multi-function data mining analysis. The system test results show that, The recognition rate of low frequency RFID(134 kHz) was 100, the measuring range of feed and trough was 0.01 ~ 200kg, the lowest weighing accuracy was 10 g, the relative error of actual weighing was 鈮，

本文編號：1533628