本文關(guān)鍵詞： 灌叢化 生態(tài)水文效應(yīng) 蒸散發(fā) 二源模型 數(shù)值模擬　出處：《植物生態(tài)學(xué)報》2017年03期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：灌叢化是干旱半干旱草原一種常見的全球性變化現(xiàn)象,由于野外土壤、灌叢和草本的蒸散耗水難于拆分的限制,關(guān)于灌叢化蒸散耗水效應(yīng)的研究較少。該文將已有的二源模型應(yīng)用于我國內(nèi)蒙古灌叢化草原估算其蒸散發(fā),并用波文比系統(tǒng)觀測結(jié)果對模型進(jìn)行了率定。研究結(jié)果表明改進(jìn)的模型可以較好地重建灌叢化草地的蒸散發(fā)特征;敏感性分析結(jié)果表明模型輸入變量及參數(shù)對蒸散發(fā)組分拆分結(jié)果產(chǎn)生的誤差較小。在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行了灌叢化的情景模擬,研究其耗水效應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明:灌叢化對蒸散發(fā)總量影響較小,而對蒸散發(fā)組分影響較大。灌叢化初期蓋度5%、中期蓋度15%及后期蓋度為30%的情境下,對應(yīng)的生長季內(nèi)蒸散發(fā)(ET)平均值分別為182.97、180.38和176.72 W·m~( 2);土壤蒸發(fā)(E)占蒸散發(fā)比率(E/ET)平均值分別為52.9%、53.9%和55.5%。灌叢化從初期到中期、中期至后期,蒸散發(fā)降幅平均值分別為0.34%和0.44%,E/ET升幅分別達(dá)2.04%及3.25%。該研究結(jié)果表明在內(nèi)蒙古太仆寺旗站點(diǎn)灌叢化導(dǎo)致的土壤水分差異并不明顯,但隨著灌叢化加劇,灌叢逐漸替代草本,改變了原有的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu),植被葉面積指數(shù)變小,導(dǎo)致冠層導(dǎo)度降低。研究結(jié)果強(qiáng)調(diào)我國半干旱草原區(qū)灌叢化加劇對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)總蒸散耗水量影響不大,但其土壤蒸發(fā)無效損耗快速增加會導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)水分利用效率降低。
[Abstract]:Thickedness is a common global phenomenon in arid and semi-arid steppe, due to the difficulty of separating the evapotranspiration of field soil, shrub and herbs. There are few studies on the effect of shrub evapotranspiration. In this paper, the existing two-source model is applied to estimate the evapotranspiration of thicket steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. The results show that the improved model can reconstruct the evapotranspiration characteristics of shrub grassland. The sensitivity analysis results show that the error of model input variables and parameters on the resolution of evapotranspiration components is relatively small. The results showed that thicketization had little effect on the total evapotranspiration, but had a great effect on the evapotranspiration components. Under the conditions of initial coverage of 5, intermediate coverage of 15% and late coverage of 30%, the effects of shrub on the total evapotranspiration were studied. The average values of ETS in the growing season were 182.970.38 and 176.72 W 路m ~ (-1), respectively. The average value of E / E ratio in soil evaporation was 52.9% and 55.55.The average value of thicketization was 52.9% and 55.5%, respectively, from the initial to the middle, and from the middle to the later stage. The average value of the decrease in evapotranspiration was 0.34% and 0.44% E / ET increased by 2.04% and 3.25 respectively. The results showed that the soil moisture difference caused by shrub at Taibusi flag station in Inner Mongolia was not obvious, but with the intensification of shrub, shrub gradually replaced herbaceous. The change of the original ecosystem structure resulted in the decrease of canopy conductance due to the decrease of vegetation leaf area index. The results showed that the intensification of shrub in semi-arid grassland had little effect on the total evapotranspiration of ecosystem. However, the rapid increase of soil evaporation failure will lead to the decrease of water use efficiency of the system.
【作者單位】： 北京師范大學(xué)地理科學(xué)學(xué)部資源學(xué)院;北京師范大學(xué)地表過程與資源生態(tài)國家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金(41671019、91425301和41301014) 北京市本科生基金項(xiàng)目
【分類號】：S812

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