本文關(guān)鍵詞： 長角血蜱 呂氏泰勒蟲 蜱媒疾病 流行病學(xué)　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：蜱是專性吸血節(jié)肢動物,是許多動物的臨時專性體表寄生蟲,分布遍及全球,包括硬蜱科、軟蜱科及納蜱科三科,其中以硬蜱種類最多。蜱不僅刺吸宿主,吸食血液,對人畜造成很大危害;而且可傳播多種人、畜疾病及人畜共患病,給人類健康和畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展帶來極大危害。各類病原體不但能在蜱蟲體內(nèi)發(fā)育,還能在其體內(nèi)長期存活并保持其感染力。在疾病的傳播過程中,蜱的生態(tài)學(xué)和生物學(xué)特性共同決定了蜱與蜱傳疾病的流行特點(diǎn),同時也為制定蜱類綜合防治對策和蜱傳疾病的預(yù)防提供了科學(xué)依據(jù),因此對其生物學(xué)特性進(jìn)行研究具有非常重要的獸醫(yī)學(xué)及流行病學(xué)意義。本研究以寄生于放牧沂蒙黑山羊體表的蜱蟲為研究對象,在山東省泰山山區(qū)對寄生蜱蟲的種類、階段的季節(jié)動態(tài)、宿主體表分布、攜帶病原等生態(tài)學(xué)規(guī)律進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究。研究結(jié)果對于闡明寄生蜱蟲的生態(tài)學(xué)規(guī)律,研究蜱媒流行病學(xué)及蜱蟲防制具有重要的理論意義和實(shí)際應(yīng)用價值,并為后續(xù)開展更深入的研究打下基礎(chǔ)。主要結(jié)果如下:1.蜱蟲的鑒定經(jīng)形態(tài)學(xué)及分子學(xué)鑒定,確定寄生蜱蟲均為長角血蜱(Haemaphysalis longicornis)。2.蜱蟲季節(jié)動態(tài)的調(diào)查研究中采用觸診和視診檢查法,調(diào)查羊群蜱蟲感染率。結(jié)果顯示,在3月份蜱蟲開始在宿主體表出現(xiàn)時的感染率為40%,4至9月份宿主體表蜱蟲感染率均為100%,10月份宿主蜱蟲感染率為60%,之后逐漸消失。采用宿主體表調(diào)查法,對寄生階段長角血蜱的季節(jié)動態(tài)進(jìn)行調(diào)查。以調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)為準(zhǔn),對寄生階段長角血蜱的季節(jié)動態(tài)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析。結(jié)果顯示,長角血蜱在每年3月中旬開始活動,寄生于宿主體表,10月中旬蜱蟲開始在宿主體表大幅減少,11月中旬消失,3個蟲態(tài)的世代發(fā)生重疊現(xiàn)象。其中幼蜱在8月上旬開始活動,9月中旬達(dá)到高峰,11月中旬消失;若蜱在3月上旬開始活動,5月中旬達(dá)到高峰,7月份從宿主體表消失,8月中旬重新出現(xiàn),11月中旬再次消失;雌蜱在3月上旬至8月下旬都有活動,其季節(jié)高峰在7月,9月份雌蟲從宿主體表消失;雄蜱在3月上旬至11月上旬都有活動,11月中旬從宿主體表消失。成蜱雌雄性比為2.9:1。3.蜱蟲的分布及寄生密度研究中將羊體表分為耳部、頭部、背部、腹股溝部、尾臀部和四肢部六個區(qū)域,對蜱蟲各發(fā)育階段在宿主體表的寄生部位及不同部位寄生比例的調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,蜱蟲的寄生部位主要有耳部、頭部、腹部等,耳部所占比例最大,且寄生數(shù)量最大,可達(dá)1400只,頭部次之,為600只。4.蜱蟲的鑒定及攜帶病原的調(diào)查對長角血蜱攜帶病原的情況進(jìn)行調(diào)查,未檢測到貝氏柯克斯體、粒細(xì)胞無形體、查菲埃立克體和伯氏疏螺旋體,但長角血蜱感染呂氏泰勒蟲,且各月份感染率不同,具有一定季節(jié)性。
[Abstract]:Ticks are specialized blood sucking arthropods and temporary specific surface parasites of many animals. They are distributed all over the world, including the three families of Ixodes, Mollusca and Naaphysalidae, among which the most species are Ixodes. Ticks not only prick the host, but also feed on the blood. It can spread many kinds of diseases and zoonosis, and bring great harm to human health and animal husbandry development. All kinds of pathogens can not only develop in ticks but also in ticks. In the course of disease transmission, the ecological and biological characteristics of ticks jointly determine the epidemic characteristics of ticks and tick-borne diseases. At the same time, it also provides a scientific basis for the formulation of comprehensive control strategies for ticks and the prevention of tick-borne diseases. Therefore, it is very important to study its biological characteristics in veterinary medicine and epidemiology. In this study, the species of parasitic ticks of Yimeng black goat were studied in the mountain area of Mount Taishan, Shandong Province, which were parasitic on the body surface of Yimeng black goat. The seasonal dynamics of the stage, the distribution of host body surface and the ecological laws of carrying pathogens were systematically studied. The results were useful to clarify the ecological laws of parasitic ticks. The study of tick epidemiology and ticks control has important theoretical significance and practical application value, and lays the foundation for further research. The main results are as follows: 1. The identification of ticks has been identified by morphology and molecular analysis. It was determined that all parasitic ticks were Haemaphysalis longicornis.2.In the investigation of the seasonal dynamics of tick, palpation and inspection were used to investigate the infection rate of sheep ticks. In March, the infection rate of tick on the host surface was 40% and 100% from September to September. The infection rate of host tick was 60% in October, and then disappeared gradually. The seasonal dynamics of Haemaphysalis longicornis in parasitic stage were investigated. Based on the survey data, the seasonal dynamics of Haemaphysalis longicornis in parasitic stage were statistically analyzed. The results showed that Haemaphysalis longicornis began to be active on middle of March of each year. Parasitic to the host surface, in middle of October, the tick began to decrease in the host surface, disappeared in middle of November, the three species of generation overlap phenomenon occurred. The juvenile tick began to active on early August, reached the peak in early August, disappeared in early August; If the ticks began to active on early March, peaked in middle of May, disappeared from the host surface in July, reappeared on middle of August, and disappeared again in middle of August, females were active from #date鈪，

本文編號：1530727