本文關(guān)鍵詞： 阿勒泰羊 毛色 ASIP基因 MC1R基因 選育方向　出處：《石河子大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：阿勒泰羊是新疆優(yōu)良的地方綿羊品種,經(jīng)過(guò)上千年的自然馴化和人工選育,阿勒泰羊現(xiàn)已形成在放牧條件下生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育快、肉脂生產(chǎn)性能高等特點(diǎn)。本研究以不同毛色的阿勒泰羊?yàn)樵囼?yàn)對(duì)象,揭示阿勒泰羊毛色的關(guān)鍵基因以及毛色與部分遺傳性狀的關(guān)系,根據(jù)不同毛色綿羊的遺傳特點(diǎn),制定相應(yīng)的選育方向,為培育特色阿勒泰羊毛色品種打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。試驗(yàn)通過(guò)組建單一毛色(棕色、黑色、白色)的阿勒泰羊群體,測(cè)定其部分遺傳指標(biāo),利用單鏈構(gòu)象多態(tài)性(PCR-SSCP)技術(shù)對(duì)與綿羊毛色性狀相關(guān)的候選基因(ASIP、MC1R)進(jìn)行多態(tài)性研究和相關(guān)性分析,初步得到控制阿勒泰羊毛色的關(guān)鍵基因及毛色與生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、繁殖性狀、肉用性狀、毛用性狀的關(guān)系。同時(shí)結(jié)合調(diào)研結(jié)果,提出符合富蘊(yùn)縣推廣應(yīng)用的阿勒泰羊選育方案(草案)。結(jié)果表明:(1)白色阿勒泰羊0-6月齡生長(zhǎng)速度最快,總增重、日增重水平與棕色和黑色阿勒泰羊相比差異顯著(P0.05);6月齡時(shí),棕色阿勒泰羊體尺各測(cè)定指標(biāo)總體高于其它兩種毛色的阿勒泰羊。3種毛色的阿勒泰羊毛長(zhǎng)與剪毛量間差異顯著(P0.05),其中白色阿勒泰羊毛長(zhǎng)和剪毛量最大,白色阿勒泰成年母羊的產(chǎn)羔數(shù)顯著高于棕色和黑色阿勒泰母羊的產(chǎn)羔數(shù)(P0.05),但羔羊的存活率較低,造成這一現(xiàn)象的原因可能是由于白色阿勒泰成年母羊產(chǎn)羔數(shù)較多,母羊自身奶水不足,無(wú)法滿(mǎn)足羔羊健康生長(zhǎng)所需營(yíng)養(yǎng),導(dǎo)致羔羊自身免疫力低下所致。不同毛色阿勒泰羊泌乳性能差異不顯著(P0.05),說(shuō)明產(chǎn)奶量與毛色不相關(guān)。(2)ASIP-2和ASIP-4引物擴(kuò)增片段均存在多態(tài)性,ASIP-3引物擴(kuò)增片段不存在多態(tài)性。PCR-SSCP的結(jié)果顯示ASIP基因的外顯子2中存在3種基因型,分別為野生型N5N9、缺失型N5D5和N5D9,這3種基因型在不同毛色的阿勒泰羊群體中分布差異不顯著(P0.05)。MC1R-4位點(diǎn)分別存在3種不同的基因型,即CC型、DD型、DE型,黑色被毛的阿勒泰羊群體主要以DE型為主,基因型頻率為0.46;白色和棕色的阿勒泰羊群體主要以DD型為主,基因型頻率分別為0.39和0.37。經(jīng)分析比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)MC1R-4位點(diǎn)的這3種基因型在不同毛色的阿勒泰羊中的分布差異不顯著(P0.05)。綜上所述,結(jié)合毛色相關(guān)候選基因的多態(tài)性分析與阿勒泰羊生產(chǎn)性能指標(biāo)測(cè)定結(jié)果,可以得出:白色阿勒泰羊適合用作肥羔生產(chǎn)和羊毛氈生產(chǎn)方向發(fā)展,而棕色阿勒泰羊和黑色阿勒泰羊更適合肉用。
[Abstract]:Altay sheep are excellent local sheep breeds in Xinjiang. After thousands of years of natural domestication and artificial breeding, Altay sheep have now grown rapidly under grazing conditions. In this study, the key genes of Altay wool color and the relationship between wool color and some hereditary traits were revealed, according to the genetic characteristics of sheep with different wool colors. In order to lay a solid foundation for the breeding of special Altay wool varieties, the experiment was conducted to determine some genetic indexes of Altay sheep with a single coat color (brown, black, white). A single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) PCR-SSCP technique was used to study and analyze the polymorphism of the candidate gene ASIPMC-1R, which is related to the color traits of wool. The key genes controlling the color of Altay wool, the color of wool, the growth and development of wool, and the reproductive traits were preliminarily obtained. The relationship between meat traits and wool traits. At the same time, according to the results of investigation, the breeding scheme of Altay sheep (draft) suitable for the popularization and application of Fuyun County was put forward. The results showed that the white Altay sheep grew fastest in 0-6 months of age and gained total weight. Compared with brown and black Altay sheep, ADG was significantly different at 6 months of age. The body size of brown Altay sheep was higher than that of the other two kinds of Altay sheep. The difference between the length and shearing of Altay wool was significant (P0.05), and the white Altay wool was the largest in length and shearing. The lambing size of white Altay adult ewe was significantly higher than that of brown and black Altay ewe, but the survival rate of lambs was lower. The reason for this phenomenon may be that white Altay adult ewe have more lambs. The ewe's own milk is not enough to meet the needs of the lamb's healthy growth. There was no significant difference in lactation performance between different wool color Altay sheep (P 0.05), which indicated that milk yield was not correlated with wool color. ASIP-2 and ASIP-4 primer amplified fragments were both polymorphic and not polymorphic. The results of PCR-SSCP showed that there were three genotypes in exon 2 of ASIP gene. Wild type N5N9, deletion type N5D5 and N5D9 were found respectively. There were no significant differences in the distribution of these three genotypes in different coat color populations of Altay sheep. There were three different genotypes at the locus of P0.05U. MC1R-4, namely, CC type and DD type. The main genotype frequency of the black wool Altay sheep was DE, and the frequency of genotype was 0.46, while that of white and brown Altay sheep was mainly DD, the genotype frequencies were 0.39 and 0.37, respectively. It was found that there was no significant difference in the distribution of the three genotypes of the MC1R-4 locus among the Altay sheep with different wool colors. In conclusion, the results of the analysis of the polymorphism of the candidate genes associated with wool color and the determination of the production performance index of Altay sheep were summarized. It can be concluded that white Altay sheep is suitable for fattening production and wool felt production direction, while brown Altay sheep and black Altay sheep are more suitable for meat use.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S826

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

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本文編號(hào)：1508298