本文關(guān)鍵詞： 酪蛋白模式 理想模式 氨基酸混合物 灌注 奶牛 乳蛋白　出處：《動物營養(yǎng)學(xué)報》2017年09期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：本試驗(yàn)旨在比較頸靜脈灌注酪蛋白模式和理想模式的氨基酸混合物對泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛乳產(chǎn)量、乳成分以及乳腺對氨基酸攝取利用的影響。選擇8頭泌乳中期[泌乳天數(shù):(82±11)d]荷斯坦奶牛作為試驗(yàn)動物,試驗(yàn)采用隨機(jī)區(qū)組設(shè)計(jì),將試驗(yàn)牛隨機(jī)分為2組,分別頸靜脈灌注160g/d酪蛋白模式(Casein組)和理想模式的氨基酸混合物(R組)。2個試驗(yàn)組分別以各自灌注前作為空白對照組(C1組為Casein組的空白對照組,C2組為R組的空白對照組)。預(yù)試期14d,灌注期5d。試驗(yàn)采用全混合日糧(TMR)飼喂,以玉米、豆粕、棉籽粕、玉米青貯、苜蓿干草和羊草為主要原料,參照NRC(2001)奶牛飼養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配制。結(jié)果表明:灌注酪蛋白模式的氨基酸混合物后,乳蛋白產(chǎn)量和含量較灌注前呈上升趨勢(乳蛋白產(chǎn)量上升7.14%,P=0.078;乳蛋白含量上升3.27%,P=0.072);并且,奶牛動脈血漿中異亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)、賴氨酸(Lys)和組氨酸(His)的濃度較灌注前有不同程度的上升(Ile的濃度提高31.5%,P=0.097;Leu的濃度提高65.9%,P=0.041;Lys的濃度提高36.9%,P=0.088;His的濃度提高40.1%,P=0.010),而蘇氨酸(Thr)、纈氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸(Met)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)和精氨酸(Arg)的濃度在數(shù)值上雖較灌注前高但無顯著差異(P0.05)。灌注酪蛋白模式的氨基酸混合物后,奶牛乳腺對天冬氨酸(Asp)和半胱氨酸(Cys)的攝取率顯著升高(Asp的攝取率提高95.2%,P=0.031;Cys的攝取率提高49.6%,P=0.031),而奶牛乳腺對甘氨酸(Gly)的攝取率顯著降低(降低158.3%,P=0.041)。灌注理想模式的氨基酸混合物后,乳蛋白含量比灌注前有上升趨勢(提高5.78%,P=0.064),而乳脂產(chǎn)量顯著低于灌注前(降低8.57%,P=0.015);并且,奶牛動脈血漿中Arg的濃度有上升趨勢(提高18.0%,P=0.093),而酪氨酸(Tyr)的濃度呈下降趨勢(降低47.8%,P=0.074)。灌注理想模式的氨基酸混合物后,奶牛乳腺對谷氨酸(Glu)、Cys和Ile的攝取率顯著上升(Glu的攝取率提高118.7%,P=0.015;Cys的攝取率提高77.4%,P=0.032;Ile的攝取率提高46.0%,P=0.012),而奶牛乳腺對Ser的攝取率呈下降趨勢(降低56.2%,P=0.052)。灌注氨基酸混合物后,Casein組乳脂產(chǎn)量增量顯著高于R組(P=0.012),且Casein組的乳產(chǎn)量增量(P=0.095)和乳糖產(chǎn)量增量(P=0.091)較R組有升高的趨勢,而2組間其他指標(biāo)增量無顯著差異(P0.05)。由此得出,在本試驗(yàn)條件下,頸靜脈灌注酪蛋白模式和理想模式的氨基酸混合物均可提高泌乳奶牛的乳蛋白含量,而灌注酪蛋白模式氨基酸混合物同時可以促進(jìn)乳蛋白產(chǎn)量的升高,因此,頸靜脈灌注酪蛋白模式氨基酸混合物的效果優(yōu)于灌注理想模式氨基酸混合物。
[Abstract]:The aim of this study was to compare the effects of casein pattern and ideal amino acid mixture on milk yield, milk composition and breast uptake and utilization of amino acids in mid lactation Holstein cows. [The lactating days were 82 鹵11 days. Holstein cows were randomly divided into 2 groups by randomized block design. Jugular vein infusion of casein (160 g / d casein group) and ideal amino acid mixture (R group). Group C1 was the blank control group of Casein group. C _ 2 group was the blank control group of R group. The control group was fed with TMRs, corn, soybean meal, cottonseed meal and corn silage for 14 days and 5 days respectively. Alfalfa hay and Leymus chinensis were used as the main raw materials. The results showed that the amino acid mixture of casein pattern was infused. The yield and content of milk protein showed an increasing trend compared with that before perfusion (the yield of milk protein increased 7.14%) and the content of milk protein increased 7.14% (P < 0.078). The content of milk protein increased by 3.27%, and the content of milk protein increased by 0.072%. In addition, the plasma levels of Ileus and Leu in the arterial plasma of dairy cows were determined. The concentrations of Lyslys and Hisl) increased by 31.5% compared with those before perfusion (P 0.097), and the concentration of Ile increased by 31.5% compared with that before perfusion. The concentration of Leu was increased by 65.9% and 0.041%; The concentration of Lys was increased by 36.9% and 0.088%; The concentration of His was increased by 40.1%, while the concentration of threonine, valine, valine and methionine were increased by 40.1% and 0.010%, respectively. The concentrations of phenylalanine (PHE) and arginine (Arg) were higher than those before perfusion, but there was no significant difference between them. The uptake rate of aspartate and cysteine in mammary gland of dairy cows was significantly higher than that of Asp, and the uptake rate of Asp was increased by 95.2% and 0.031%, respectively. The uptake rate of Cys increased by 49.6% and decreased by 158.3% (P < 0.05), while that of glycine glycine in cow breast decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After perfusing the ideal amino acid mixture, the content of milk protein increased (5.78% P0. 064). The yield of milk fat was significantly lower than that before perfusion (8.57%). Moreover, the concentration of Arg in arterial plasma of dairy cattle showed an upward trend (increase 18.0%), while the concentration of tyrosine tyrosine tyrosine Tyr decreased (47.8%). After perfusing the ideal amino acid mixture, the uptake of glutamate and Ile in the mammary gland of dairy cows increased significantly, and the uptake rate of Glu increased by 118.7%. P0. 015; The uptake rate of Cys was increased by 77.4% and 0.032%. The uptake rate of Ile was increased by 46.0% and 0.012%, while the uptake rate of Ser in dairy cows showed a decreasing trend (decrease 56.2%). After the mixture of amino acids was infused, the uptake rate of Ser was increased. The increment of milk fat yield in Casein group was significantly higher than that in R group (0.012). The milk yield increment of Casein group (P0. 095) and lactose yield increment (P0. 091) were higher than that of group R. However, there was no significant difference in the increment of other indexes between the two groups (P 0.05). Jugular infusion of casein pattern and ideal amino acid mixture can increase the milk protein content of lactating cows, while the infusion of casein model amino acid mixture can also promote the increase of milk protein production. The effect of jugular infusion of casein type amino acid mixture was better than that of ideal amino acid mixture.
【作者單位】： 揚(yáng)州大學(xué)動物科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)院;上海光明荷斯坦牧業(yè)有限公司;內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動物科學(xué)學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(973計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2011CB100803) 揚(yáng)州大學(xué)高端人才支持計(jì)劃
【分類號】：S823.5
【正文快照】： 牛乳中含有豐富的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)及多種活性物質(zhì),對人類的健康起到關(guān)鍵作用。為了進(jìn)一步提高牛乳中有助于人類健康的營養(yǎng)成分,目前,乳品質(zhì)量和乳品安全成為研究的首要課題。乳蛋白是構(gòu)成牛奶營養(yǎng)品質(zhì)的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),也是奶業(yè)核心競爭力的標(biāo)志。乳蛋白對機(jī)體獲取的可代謝蛋白質(zhì)或氨基

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