本文關(guān)鍵詞： 甜菜堿 肉雞 脂肪代謝 肉品質(zhì) 熱應激 氧化還原狀態(tài)　出處：《南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：甜菜堿可降低肉雞的脂肪沉積,改善胴體組成及肉品質(zhì),提高抗氧化功能,但關(guān)于其對肉雞脂肪代謝及肉品質(zhì)的影響研究尚不夠深入系統(tǒng),對熱應激肉雞抗氧化狀態(tài)的影響亦尚未見報道。為此,本文以AA肉雞為試驗對象,研究甜菜堿對肉雞脂肪代謝、肉品質(zhì)及抗氧化功能的影響,以期為甜菜堿在肉雞飼料中的合理應用提供理論依據(jù)。本文分為以下三個部分:試驗一旨在研究不同添加量甜菜堿對肉雞脂肪代謝的影響。選用240只1日齡健康AA肉雞隨機分為5組,每組6重復,每重復8只。對照組飼喂基礎日糧,試驗組分別在基礎日糧中添加250、500、750、1000 mg/kg甜菜堿。結(jié)果表明,日糧中添加甜菜堿對肉雞的生產(chǎn)性能及血清生化指標均無顯著影響(P0.05)。隨著甜菜堿添加量增加降低了肉雞絕對和相對腹脂重(linear P0.05,quadratic P0.01)和肉雞血清中低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、甘油三脂(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)含量(linear P0.05),但提高了游離脂肪酸(NEFA)含量(linear P=0.038,quadratic P=0.003)。隨著甜菜堿添加量增加肉雞肝臟中PPARα、CPT-I、HADH基因mRNA表達量呈線性提高,但肝臟中FAS、HMGR基因mRNA表達量呈線性降低(P0.05)。試驗二旨在研究不同添加量甜菜堿對肉雞屠宰性能、胸肌肉品質(zhì)及其抗氧化功能的影響。試驗設計同試驗一。結(jié)果表明,與對照組相比,日糧中添加750 mg/kg甜菜堿顯著提高了肉雞胸肌率(P0.05);隨著甜菜堿添加量增加提高胸肌粗蛋白含量(linear =0.001,quadratic P=0.044),但對胸肌粗脂肪及水分含量均無顯著影響(P0.05)。隨著甜菜堿添加量增加胸肌48 h滴水損失呈線性降低(P0.05);與對照組相比,日糧中添加甜菜堿有降低胸肌壓力損失的趨勢(P0.1),但對肉雞胸肌肉色(亮度、紅度和黃度)、pH值、24 h滴水損失和蒸煮損失均無顯著影響(P0.05)。隨著甜菜堿添加量增加胸肌中T-SOD活力呈線性提高(P0.05);與對照組相比,甜菜堿添加顯著降低了胸肌中MDA含量(P0.05);添加750 mg/kg甜菜堿顯著提高了胸肌中GSH含量(P0.05),添加250、500 mg/kg甜菜堿有提高肉雞胸肌GSH含量的趨勢(P0.1);甜菜堿添加對GPX活力無顯著影響(P0.05)。試驗三旨在研究甜菜堿對熱應激肉雞生產(chǎn)性能和氧化還原狀態(tài)的影響。選用144只體重相近的21日齡肉雞隨機分為3組,每組6重復,每重復8只,試驗期為21-42 d。對照組肉雞在常溫條件下飼喂基礎日糧;其余兩處理組肉雞從9:00到17:00(8 h)維持溫度在34 ± 1 ℃,其他時間維持常溫,分別飼喂基礎日糧和添加1000 mg/kg甜菜堿的基礎日糧。結(jié)果表明,與對照組相比,熱應激組肉雞平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)顯著降低(P0.05),肉雞直腸溫度及雞冠溫度和血清中天冬氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(AST)和丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶(ALT)活性及肝臟丙二醛(MDA)的含量顯著提高(P0.05),肝臟及肝臟線粒體中超過氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽氧化物酶(GPX)活性和肝臟中過氧化氫酶(CAT)活性、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量及谷胱甘肽(GSH)/氧化型谷胱甘肽(GSSG)比值顯著降低(P0.05)。與熱應激組相比,日糧中添加甜菜堿對肉雞ADG和ADFI有提高趨勢(P0.1),顯著降低了血清中ALT活性和肝臟中MDA含量(P0.05),且增加了 CAT活性、GSH含量、GSH/GSSG比值和肝臟及肝臟線粒體SOD和GPX活性(P0.05)。與對照組相比,熱應激組肉雞肝臟GPX及禽解偶聯(lián)蛋白(avUCP)基因mRNA表達量下降;而甜菜堿提高了熱應激肉雞肝臟GPX及avUCP基因mRNA表達量(P0.05);各處理組肝臟SOD和CAT基因mRNA表達量無顯著差異。綜上所述,得出以下結(jié)論:(1)日糧中添加甜菜堿對肉雞生產(chǎn)性能無顯著影響,但顯著降低肉雞腹脂沉積且呈現(xiàn)劑量效應;腹脂沉積降低可能與FAS基因mRNA表達量下調(diào)和PPARα、CPT-I及HADH基因mRNA表達量上調(diào)有關(guān)。(2)日糧中添加750mg/kg甜菜堿能有效提高胸肌率,且能提高胸肌肉中粗蛋白含量、增強胸肌系水力及胸肌的抗氧化功能,改善肌肉品質(zhì)。(3)日糧中添加甜菜堿緩解了熱應激對肉雞生產(chǎn)性能和氧化還原狀態(tài)的負面影響,表現(xiàn)為提高了 ADG、ADFI和肝臟及其線粒體的抗氧化功能。
[Abstract]:Betaine can reduce fat deposition in broilers, improve carcass composition and meat quality, improve the antioxidant function, but for the study of chicken fat metabolism and the effect of meat quality is not deep enough, influence on the antioxidant status of broilers also has not been reported. Therefore, this paper takes AA broilers as test object, the Research of betaine on Broilers fat metabolism, affecting meat quality and antioxidant function, so as to provide theoretical basis for reasonable application of betaine in broiler feed. This paper is divided into the following three parts: a test was conducted to study the effects of different amount of betaine on lipid metabolism of broilers. A total of 240 1 day old AA broilers were randomly divided into 5 group, consisting of 6 replicates of 8 birds per replicate. The control group was fed basal diet, the test group were added 2505007501000 mg/kg betaine in the basal diet. The results showed that the addition of beet alkali in diets on meat There were no significant effects of chicken production performance and serum biochemical indexes (P0.05). With the addition of betaine reduces the absolute and relative weight of abdominal fat in broilers (linear P0.05, quadratic P0.01) and serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glycerin three greases (TG), total cholesterol (TC) content (linear P0.05), but increased the free fatty acid (NEFA) content (linear P=0.038, quadratic P=0.003). With the addition of betaine PPAR alpha, broiler liver CPT-I, HADH gene expression of mRNA showed a linear increase, but the liver FAS, HMGR gene expression of mRNA decreased linearly (P0.05). Experiment two aims to study different amount of betaine on slaughter performance of broilers, affect the quality of chest muscle and its antioxidant function. With a pilot experimental design. The results showed that compared with the control group, adding 750 mg/kg betaine diets significantly improved broiler breast muscle ratio (P0.05) with; With the addition of betaine improve muscle crude protein content (linear =0.001, quadratic P=0.044), but the crude fat and muscle moisture content had no significant effect (P0.05). With the addition of 48 h betaine muscle drip loss decreased linearly (P0.05); compared with the control group, dietary supplementation with betaine muscle decreased the pressure loss of the trend (P0.1), but on the broiler breast muscle color (brightness, red and Huang Du), pH value, have no significant effect on 24 h drip loss and cooking loss (P0.05). With the addition of betaine increased linearly with increase in muscle activity of T-SOD (P0.05); compared with the control group, the addition of betaine the MDA content was significantly reduced in muscle (P0.05); add 750 mg/kg betaine significantly increased the content of GSH in muscle (P0.05), adding 250500 mg/kg betaine improve broiler breast muscle GSH content trend (P0.1); the addition of betaine had no significant effect on the activity of GPX Ring (P0.05). Experiment three aims to study the effect of betaine reduced heat stress in broiler production performance and oxidation. A total of 144 21 day old broilers were randomly divided into 3 groups of similar weight, consisting of 6 replicates of 8 birds per replicate test period for 21-42 D. control group of broilers under normal temperature conditions based on feeding grain; the remaining two broilers from 9:00 to 17:00 (8 h) to maintain the temperature at 34 - 1 DEG C, maintain normal temperature the rest of the time, and were fed basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg betaine based diets. The results showed that compared with the control group, heat stress group broilers average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) decreased significantly (P0.05), aspartic acid transaminase and temperature and rectal temperature of broiler comb in serum (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased significantly (P0.05), liver and liver mitochondria in superoxide dismutase (S OD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase activity in the liver (CAT) activity, glutathione (GSH) content and glutathione (GSH) / oxidized glutathione (GSSG) decreased (P0.05). Compared with the heat stress group, adding betaine diets improving trend of Broilers and ADFI (ADG P0.1), decreased the content of MDA in liver and serum ALT activity (P0.05), and increased CAT activity, GSH content, GSH/GSSG ratio and hepatic mitochondrial SOD and GPX activity (P0.05). Compared with the control group, heat stress group of chicken liver GPX and avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) gene mRNA expression and improve the thermal stress; Betaine GPX and avUCP gene expression of mRNA in liver of broilers (P0.05); the treatment group liver SOD and CAT gene expression of mRNA had no significant difference. In summary, draw the following conclusions: (1) adding betaine diets significantly on production performance of Broilers The effect, but significantly reduced abdominal fat deposition in Broilers and showed a dose effect; reduce abdominal fat deposition may be decreased and PPAR alpha and FAS gene expression of mRNA, CPT-I and HADH gene expression of mRNA. (2) add 750mg/kg betaine diets can effectively improve the rate of breast muscle, and can improve the content of crude protein in high chest in the muscle, enhance the antioxidant function of pectoral muscle and breast muscles of hydraulic system, improve the quality of muscle. (3) add betaine diets alleviate heat stress reducing negative effect on production performance and oxidation state of broilers, showed increased ADG, ADFI and liver mitochondria and its antioxidant function.

【學位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831.5

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