本文選題：人類免疫缺陷病毒 + 包膜糖蛋白gp120基因　； 參考：《第一軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2006年博士論文

【摘要】：人類免疫缺陷病毒是引起艾滋病的病原體，分為兩型，HIV-1和HIV-2，HIV-1在全球范圍傳播廣泛，是艾滋病流行的主要病原體。目前，人類免疫缺陷病毒感染的流行尚處于早期階段，在未來的二十年內(nèi)，全世界HIV感染率會(huì)明顯升高。當(dāng)前，沒有一種預(yù)防性疫苗，也沒有一種抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物對艾滋病流行產(chǎn)生顯著的影響。對于發(fā)展中國家來說抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物價(jià)格昂貴，又出于病人對抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物的依從性不好，耐藥性以及藥物的毒性等因素，，限制了抗逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒藥物的廣泛使用和療效。因此，迫切需要一種價(jià)格低廉、依從性好、無明顯毒性、耐藥性小的治療措施。 用于治療的疫苗也許能夠符合這種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，近年來對亞單位疫苗、多肽疫苗、減毒活疫苗、滅活疫苗、病毒樣顆粒疫苗、重組病毒載體疫苗及核酸疫苗等多種不同的HIV候選疫苗進(jìn)行了大量的研究。減毒活疫苗雖能誘發(fā)一定的體液免疫和細(xì)胞免疫，但安全性始終是個(gè)大問題。而滅活疫苗和亞單位疫苗在臨床人體試驗(yàn)中的效果并不理想�；钶d體疫苗具有很好的免疫原性，但也存在安全隱患。因此，人們對核酸疫苗寄予厚望，其最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是疫苗抗原在靶細(xì)胞內(nèi)以天然的方式合成、加工并呈遞給免疫系統(tǒng)，可以誘發(fā)機(jī)體產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)大的體液和細(xì)胞免疫應(yīng)答包括Th應(yīng)答和CTL應(yīng)答，并且其保護(hù)性免疫應(yīng)答對不同亞型的病
[Abstract]:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a pathogen causing AIDS. It is divided into two types, HIV-1 and HIV-2, and HIV-1 is widely spread worldwide. It is the main pathogen of AIDS epidemic. At present, the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection is still in the early stage. In the next twenty years, the worldwide rate of HIV infection will rise obviously. There are no antiretroviral drugs that have a significant impact on the epidemic. For developing countries, antiretroviral drugs are expensive, poor compliance with retroviral drugs, drug resistance and drug toxicity are limited to antiretroviral drugs. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low cost, good compliance, no obvious toxicity, and small resistance.
Vaccines for treatment may be consistent with this standard. In recent years, a large number of different HIV candidate vaccines, such as subunit vaccine, polypeptide vaccine, live attenuated vaccine, inactivated vaccine, virus like particle vaccine, recombinant virus vector vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine, have been extensively studied. The live attenuated vaccine can induce certain humoral immunity and cells. Immune, but safety is always a big problem. Inactivated vaccine and subunit vaccine are not ideal in clinical trials. Live vector vaccines have good immunogenicity, but there are also hidden dangers. Therefore, people have great hopes for nucleic acid vaccines. The greatest advantage is that vaccine antigen is naturally combined in target cells. It is processed and presented to the immune system, which can induce the body to produce strong humoral and cellular immune responses, including Th response and CTL response, and its protective immune response to different subtypes of diseases
【學(xué)位授予單位】：第一軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：R392

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

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1 柳鵬程;喬涵;劉斐斐;劉畢勝;吳倩妮;張燕燕;單金玉;魏蓮花;馬興銘;;噬菌體作為模式生物在蛋白表達(dá)和病毒學(xué)方面的應(yīng)用[J];中國微生態(tài)學(xué)雜志;2012年05期

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