本文選題：前庭神經(jīng)核復(fù)合體 + 臂旁核�。� 參考：《第四軍醫(yī)大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 暈動癥(motion sickness, MS)是前庭器官受到異常刺激時所引起的植物神經(jīng)功能紊亂,具體癥狀包括眩暈、惡心、嘔吐等。MS是航空(航天)、航海、軍事作戰(zhàn)中常見的生理反應(yīng),也是部分人群在日常出行如乘車(船)時常有的痛苦感受。據(jù)統(tǒng)計分析表明,有50%～70%的人群在失重狀態(tài)下都會發(fā)生暈動癥,其發(fā)病率很高。因此,研究暈動病在軍事和臨床上均具有重要意義。一般認為MS的發(fā)病是異常前庭信息在腦內(nèi)沿著一定的纖維聯(lián)系通路傳遞,在許多腦結(jié)構(gòu)參與下引起自主神經(jīng)反應(yīng)(vestibulo-autonomic response)的結(jié)果。前庭核位于第四腦室底菱形窩界溝外側(cè)的前庭區(qū)深處,其吻尾較長,自三叉神經(jīng)運動核尾側(cè)到舌下神經(jīng)核吻側(cè),是由前庭內(nèi)側(cè)核(medial vestibular nucleus, MVe)、前庭下核(spinal vestibular nucleus, SpVe)、前庭上核(superior vestibular nucleus, SuVe)、前庭外側(cè)核(lateral vestibular nucleus, LVe)以及X和Y兩個細胞群組成的前庭神經(jīng)核復(fù)合體(vestibular nuclear complex, VNC)。VNC是接受和調(diào)節(jié)前庭信息的初級門戶,除接受前庭器官的初級傳入外,與腦內(nèi)許多結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生纖維聯(lián)系。已有研究證明,VNC除接受視覺和本體覺信息的傳入外,還發(fā)出纖維投射至下丘腦、海馬、小腦、脊髓、舌下神經(jīng)前置核、臂旁核、孤束核以及對側(cè)前庭神經(jīng)核復(fù)合體等區(qū)域。此外,以往的研究證明,前庭核有上、下行兩條通路與暈動癥的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),即前庭核向上投射至臂旁核,再由臂旁核投射至杏仁核;向下投射至孤束核和迷走神經(jīng)背核,然后兩條通路再匯聚至腦干的嘔吐中心,如疑核等區(qū)域。既往研究結(jié)果還提示VNC中的MVe是接受異常頭部變速運動信息、參與觸發(fā)MS的重要核團。最近,Gallo等從生理學和行為學上證明了MVe向PBN投射的神經(jīng)元(MVe-PBN投射神經(jīng)元)是參與前庭-自主反射、引發(fā)MS的重要神經(jīng)元。 5-羥色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine或serotonin, 5-HT)是腦內(nèi)重要的感覺、運動信息調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì),具有復(fù)雜的生理作用。近年來,大量的證據(jù)表明5-HT可通過對VNC內(nèi)前庭信息的調(diào)節(jié)參與MS的產(chǎn)生,但其機制不清楚。形態(tài)學研究報道MVe可接受來自中縫大核、中縫蒼白核、中縫隱核和中縫背核等濃密的5-HT能纖維投射,且MVe神經(jīng)元表達5-HT1A、5-HT1B、5-HT2A和5-HT2C等受體陽性。但5-HT具體通過何種受體以及何種機制參與對前庭核信息的調(diào)節(jié)與整合,到目前為止尚不清楚。 基于此,本課題綜合應(yīng)用束路追蹤、免疫組織化學、免疫熒光組織化學和免疫電子顯微鏡技術(shù),以SD大鼠為研究對象,對以上問題進行了研究。本論文主要包括以下兩個方面的內(nèi)容: 1.大鼠前庭神經(jīng)核復(fù)合體內(nèi)5-HT1A受體亞型的分布 應(yīng)用免疫組織化學技術(shù),在光學顯微鏡下對5-HT1AR在大鼠前庭神經(jīng)核復(fù)合體內(nèi)的分布進行了觀察。結(jié)果如下: (1)5-HT1AR免疫陽性產(chǎn)物在VNC各個核團全長均有分布,主要定位于VNC神經(jīng)元的胞體和近側(cè)端樹突,呈彌散分布。但在神經(jīng)氈內(nèi)也可觀察到部分染色深淺不同、分布不均勻的點狀結(jié)構(gòu)。 (2)5-HT1AR樣陽性神經(jīng)元在前庭內(nèi)側(cè)核的全長呈高密度分布,在前庭下核的尾段呈中等密度分布,在前庭上核、前庭外側(cè)核和X核的全長、前庭下核的吻段和中段以及Y核的中、尾段均呈低密度分布,Y核的吻側(cè)呈稀疏分布。 以上結(jié)果提示,5-HT1AR陽性神經(jīng)元廣泛地分布于大鼠VNC內(nèi),它們可能在VNC內(nèi)介導(dǎo)5-HT對神經(jīng)元活動的調(diào)節(jié),參與前庭信息的整合與加工。 2.大鼠前庭神經(jīng)核復(fù)合體內(nèi)5-HT能終末與表達5-HT1AR的前庭-臂旁核投射神經(jīng)元之間的聯(lián)系 應(yīng)用TMR(用于光鏡)或WGA-HRP(用于電鏡)逆行束路追蹤、免疫熒光組織化學和包埋前免疫電子顯微鏡技術(shù),分別在熒光顯微鏡、激光掃描共聚焦顯微鏡和電子顯微鏡下觀察5-HT能終末與表達5-HT1AR的前庭-臂旁核投射神經(jīng)元之間的聯(lián)系。結(jié)果如下: (1)將四甲基羅達明(tetramethyl rhodamine,TMR)注入一側(cè)臂旁核后,在雙側(cè)VNC的各個核團內(nèi)均可觀察到許多TM逆標神經(jīng)元,但以同側(cè)為主。免疫熒光雙重染色后,在前庭內(nèi)側(cè)核(MVe)、前庭下核(SpVe)、前庭上核(SuVe)、前庭外側(cè)核(LVe)、X核以及Y核的一些區(qū)域內(nèi),可觀察到許多TMR逆標神經(jīng)元同時表達5-HT1AR樣免疫陽性。 (2)激光掃描共聚焦顯微鏡下可進一步觀察到大量的5-HT樣陽性纖維和終末廣泛地分布于VNC的各個核團內(nèi),且有部分5-HT樣陽性終末緊緊地包繞在TMR/5-HT1AR雙標神經(jīng)元的胞體或樹突的周圍,并與之形成密切接觸。 (3)將WGA-HRP注入一側(cè)臂旁核后,在電子顯微鏡下可觀察到部分5-HT樣陽性終末分別與WGA-HRP逆標或5-HT1AR樣免疫陽性神經(jīng)元的胞體或樹突形成對稱性的軸-體或軸-樹突觸聯(lián)系。 以上結(jié)果提示在前庭信息由前庭神經(jīng)核復(fù)合體向臂旁核神經(jīng)元傳遞的過程中,5-HT能神經(jīng)終末對前庭神經(jīng)核復(fù)合體神經(jīng)元的活動具有調(diào)控作用;而這種調(diào)控作用可能是通過與突觸后神經(jīng)元上的5-HT1AR的結(jié)合而實現(xiàn)的。
[Abstract]:The vestibular nucleus is located in the vestibular area outside the diamond - shaped fossa of the fourth ventricle . The vestibular nucleus is located deep in the vestibular area outside the diamond - shaped fossa of the fourth ventricle . The vestibular nucleus is located in the vestibular region outside the diamond - shaped fossa of the fourth ventricle . In addition , the previous studies have shown that MVe ( MVe - PBN - projecting neurons ) are involved in the vestibular - autonomic reflex and trigger MS ' s important neurons .






5 - HT ( 5 - HT ) is an important sensory and sports information regulating substance in the brain , and has a complex physiological role . In recent years , a large amount of evidence indicates that the 5 - HT can participate in the generation of the MS by regulating the vestibular information in the nucleus , but its mechanism is not clear . The morphological study reported that MVe can accept the 5 - HT1A , 5 - HT1B , 5 - HT2A and 5 - HT2C receptor positive .






Based on this , this subject comprehensively applies beam path tracing , immunohistochemistry , immunofluorescence histochemistry and immuno - electron microscopy , and studies the above problems by using SD rats as the research object . This thesis mainly includes the following two aspects :






1 . Distribution of 5 - HT1A receptor subtypes in vestibular nucleus complex in rats






The distribution of 5 - HT1AR in the vestibular nucleus complex of rats was observed under an optical microscope . The results were as follows :






( 1 ) The 5 - HT1AR immunoreactive products are distributed in the whole length of each core of the vnc , mainly located at the cellular and near - side dendritic cells of the vnc neurons .






( 2 ) The full length of 5 - HT1AR - like positive neurons in the medial vestibular nucleus appeared to be a high - density distribution .






The above results suggest that 5 - HT1AR positive neurons are widely distributed in the rat , which may mediate the regulation of 5 - HT on neuronal activity and participate in the integration and processing of vestibular information .






2 . The association between the terminal of 5 - HT in the vestibular nucleus complex and the vestibular - arm nucleus projection neurons expressing 5 - HT1AR in rats






Using TMR ( for light microscopy ) or WGA - HRP ( for electron microscopy ) retrograde beam path tracing , immunofluorescence histochemistry and pre - embedding immunoelectron microscopy , the relationship between the terminal of 5 - HT and the vestibular - arm nucleus projection neurons of 5 - HT1AR was observed under a fluorescence microscope , a laser scanning confocal microscope and an electron microscope .






( 1 ) After injection of tetramethylrhodamine ( TMR ) into one lateral arm , a number of TM reverse - labeled neurons were observed in the nuclei of both sides , but on the same side . After double staining of immunofluorescence , many TMR retrogradely labeled neurons were observed to express 5 - HT1AR - like immunoreactivity at the same time in some areas of vestibular nucleus ( MVe ) , vestibular nucleus ( SpVe ) , vestibular nucleus ( SuVe ) , vestibular outside nucleus ( LVe ) , X - nucleus and Y - core .






( 2 ) A large number of 5 - HT - like positive fibers were observed in the laser scanning confocal microscope , and a large number of 5 - HT - like positive fibers and terminals were widely distributed in each of the nuclei and were closely packed around the cells or dendrites of the TMR / 5 - HT1AR double - labeled neurons and were in close contact with them .






( 3 ) After the WGA - HRP was injected into one side of the arm , some 5 - HT - like positive terminals were observed under an electron microscope to form a symmetry axis - body or axis - tree synaptic connection with WGA - HRP retrogradely or 5 - HT1AR - like immunoreactive neurons .






The above results suggest that the 5 - HT can regulate the activity of vestibular nucleus complex neurons during the passage of vestibular information from the vestibular nucleus complex to the nucleus neurons , and this regulation may be achieved by binding to the 5 - HT1AR on the postsynaptic neuron .
【學位授予單位】：第四軍醫(yī)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：R322

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 秦靈芝;張富興;李金蓮;李云慶;;大鼠前庭神經(jīng)核復(fù)合體內(nèi)5-羥色胺1A受體的分布[J];神經(jīng)解剖學雜志;2006年06期

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本文編號：2016147