發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-17 00:27

  本文選題：動(dòng)物模型 + 弓形蟲(chóng)�。� 參考：《第一軍醫(yī)大學(xué)》2006年碩士論文

【摘要】：弓形蟲(chóng)(Toxoplasma gondii)是一種專(zhuān)性細(xì)胞內(nèi)寄生的機(jī)會(huì)性致病原蟲(chóng)，能引起人獸共患的弓形蟲(chóng)病(Toxoplasmosis)，弓形蟲(chóng)宿主非常廣泛，但不同的動(dòng)物對(duì)弓形蟲(chóng)的易感性、感染后的癥狀及轉(zhuǎn)歸均有不同。選擇適宜的動(dòng)物建立模型，關(guān)系著研究工作的成敗。弓形蟲(chóng)自然感染多表現(xiàn)為隱性感染，因此建立慢性感染狀態(tài)的動(dòng)物模型對(duì)人類(lèi)弓形蟲(chóng)病的防治研究具有更大的實(shí)用價(jià)值。而且，缺乏良好的慢性感染動(dòng)物模型，已成為目前弓形蟲(chóng)病診斷及疫苗評(píng)價(jià)等研究的重要制約因素之一，亟待解決。因此，探索建立弓形蟲(chóng)慢性感染動(dòng)物模型，意義重大。 弓形蟲(chóng)RH株是強(qiáng)毒株，小鼠對(duì)其極為敏感。小鼠腹腔或皮下接種感染后，未加治療，可引起急性的致死性感染。因此，小鼠常作為弓形蟲(chóng)急性感染的動(dòng)物模型。國(guó)內(nèi)有人研究了大鼠在妊娠時(shí)感染不同蟲(chóng)株對(duì)其子代的影響，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，與弱毒株Fukaya株相比，妊娠早中期感染強(qiáng)毒株RH株弓形蟲(chóng)，子鼠受到的不利影響更大。據(jù)報(bào)道，RH株速殖子經(jīng)口感染小鼠，盡管消化道的酸、堿、酶等對(duì)游離的速殖子有一定的破壞殺滅作用，但一定數(shù)量的速殖子仍可通過(guò)消化道途徑感染侵入腸道組織，且有些小鼠可不發(fā)生急性的致死性弓形蟲(chóng)感染。由于小鼠具有飼養(yǎng)方便、繁殖快、易于實(shí)驗(yàn)操作、經(jīng)濟(jì)等特點(diǎn)，因此，建立弓形蟲(chóng)RH強(qiáng)毒株慢性感染小鼠模型具有重要的實(shí)際意義。 大鼠與人類(lèi)感染弓形蟲(chóng)的情況比較接近，感染后也多表現(xiàn)為隱性(亞臨床)感染。因而，大鼠模型能更好地模擬人類(lèi)感染弓形蟲(chóng)后的狀況，對(duì)研究人類(lèi)弓形蟲(chóng)感染的免疫學(xué)作用、母嬰傳播，以及進(jìn)行疫苗和診斷試劑的研發(fā)，意義重大。 國(guó)內(nèi)外有許多研究者運(yùn)用大鼠進(jìn)行弓形蟲(chóng)病的研究，但多選用一些弱毒株
[Abstract]:Toxoplasma gondii (Toxoplasma gondii) is an opportunistic protozoa that is parasitic in specific cells. Toxoplasma gondii can cause Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii has a wide range of hosts, but the susceptibility, symptoms and outcome of Toxoplasma gondii to Toxoplasma gondii are different in different animals. The choice of appropriate animal models is related to the success or failure of the research work. The natural infection of Toxoplasma gondii is a recessive infection, so the establishment of animal model of chronic infection has more practical value for the prevention and treatment of human toxoplasmosis. Moreover, the lack of a good animal model of chronic infection has become one of the most important factors in the diagnosis and vaccine evaluation of Toxoplasma gondii. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the establishment of animal model of chronic infection of Toxoplasma gondii. Toxoplasma gondii RH strain is a virulent strain, and mice are extremely sensitive to it. Acute fatal infection can be caused by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous inoculation of mice without treatment. Therefore, mice are often used as animal models of acute infection of Toxoplasma gondii. The effects of infection of different insect strains on the offspring of rats during pregnancy were studied in China. The results showed that infection of RH strain Toxoplasma gondii in early and second trimester of pregnancy was more harmful than that of attenuated strain Fukaya. It was reported that tachyzoites of RH strain were infected by mouth in mice. Although acid, base and enzyme of digestive tract can destroy and kill free tachyzoites, a certain number of tachyzoites can still infect intestinal tissue through digestive tract pathway. And some mice may not develop acute fatal Toxoplasma gondii infection. Because the mice have the characteristics of convenient breeding, rapid reproduction, easy to experiment and operation, economic, so it is of great practical significance to establish the model of chronic infection of Toxoplasma gondii RH strain. The infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii in rats was similar to that in human beings, and it also showed recessive (subclinical) infection after infection. Therefore, the rat model can better simulate the human status after infection with Toxoplasma gondii, and it is of great significance to study the immunological effects of human toxoplasma infection, mother-to-child transmission, and research and development of vaccines and diagnostic reagents. There are many researchers at home and abroad who use rats to study toxoplasmosis, but most of them use some attenuated strains.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：第一軍醫(yī)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：R-332

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