本文選題：副神經(jīng) + 舌下神經(jīng)��； 參考：《鄭州大學(xué)》2005年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的 本研究的目的是獲得關(guān)于顱外段副神經(jīng)、舌下神經(jīng)的詳細(xì)解剖學(xué)資料,明確其與周圍結(jié)構(gòu)的空間定位關(guān)系,為臨床手術(shù)提供形態(tài)學(xué)和局部解剖學(xué)依據(jù)。 方法 選取國人成人頭顱標(biāo)本10具(20側(cè)),經(jīng)福爾馬林固定,并紅色乳膠灌注。按頸部分區(qū)逐一解剖各頸三角,顯露副神經(jīng)、舌下神經(jīng)顱外部分的全程。在解剖過程中,仔細(xì)觀測副神經(jīng)、舌下神經(jīng)及毗鄰結(jié)構(gòu)。解剖過程中所有解剖步驟均照相記錄。 結(jié)果 1、副神經(jīng)出頸靜脈孔后分為腦根(即內(nèi)支)和脊髓根(即外支)。腦根直接并于迷走神經(jīng)干或結(jié)狀神經(jīng)節(jié)。脊髓根緊貼頸內(nèi)靜脈下行,于莖突及頸內(nèi)靜脈形成的夾角內(nèi)穿出莖突部深面。繼續(xù)下行,于二腹肌后腹下緣處穿出,最大外徑1.58mm。副神經(jīng)在二腹肌后腹下緣處55%(11/20)越過頸內(nèi)靜脈淺面,45%(9/20)經(jīng)頸靜脈深面至其后緣。繼續(xù)下行,60%(12/20)穿入胸鎖乳突肌;40%(8/20)副神經(jīng)主干在胸鎖乳突肌深面行走,并在胸鎖乳突肌中上1/3稍靠上發(fā)出分支支配胸鎖乳突肌。副神經(jīng)繼續(xù)向外下穿出胸鎖乳突肌后緣,穿出點(diǎn)距耳大神經(jīng)出胸鎖乳突肌后緣出點(diǎn)上方11.08±2.44(7.60-15.20)mm淺出。而后走在頸后三角區(qū),100%副神經(jīng)在肩胛提肌表面,中間隔一椎前筋膜。副神經(jīng)向下、后、外方直行,60%(12/20)副神經(jīng)在進(jìn)入斜方肌前與該肌前緣平行下行后入該肌;40%(8/20)與斜方肌前緣呈角進(jìn)入該肌;進(jìn)入點(diǎn)在斜方肌前緣中下1/3交界處,進(jìn)入斜方肌并發(fā)分支。
[Abstract]:Purpose The purpose of this study was to obtain the detailed anatomical data of the extracranial accessory nerve and hypoglossal nerve, and to clarify the spatial localization relationship between them and the surrounding structures, and to provide the morphological and local anatomical basis for clinical operation. Method Ten adult head specimens were fixed with formalin and infused with red latex. The cervical triangle was dissected one by one according to the division of the neck to expose the accessory nerve and the extracranial part of the hypoglossal nerve. During anatomy, the accessory nerve, hypoglossal nerve and adjacent structures were carefully observed. All anatomical steps were recorded. Result 1. The accessory nerve was divided into brain root (internal branch) and spinal cord root (external branch) after jugular foramen. The root of the brain is located directly in the vagus trunk or in the ganglion. The root of the spinal cord follows the internal jugular vein and penetrates the deep side of the styloid process in the angle between the styloid process and the internal jugular vein. It continued to descend and was perforated at the lower margin of the posterior abdomen of the bicentric muscle, with a maximum external diameter of 1.58 mm. The accessory nerve crossed the superficial surface of the internal jugular vein at 55 / 20 at the lower margin of the posterior ventral part of the bicentral muscle and passed through the deep side of the jugular vein to the posterior edge of the jugular vein. The accessory nerve trunk walks on the deep side of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, and a third of the upper third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle innervates the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The accessory nerve continued to perforate the posterior edge of sternocleidomastoid muscle under the external direction, and the point from the posterior edge of the greater auricular nerve to the posterior edge of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was 11. 08 鹵2.44(7.60-15.20)mm shallow. Then 100% accessory nerve was located in the posterior cervical trigonometry on the surface of the levator scapularis muscle with an intervertebral fascia. The accessory nerve enters the trapezius muscle at an angle to the anterior edge of the trapezius muscle and enters the trapezius muscle at the lower third of the trapezius anterior edge at the point of entry at the lower third of the trapezius muscle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類號(hào)】：R322

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