本文選題：西尼羅病毒 + 三帶喙庫蚊　； 參考：《中國人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院》2006年博士論文

【摘要】：西尼羅病毒(West Nile virus，WNV)屬于黃病毒科(Flaviviridae)黃病毒屬(Flavivirus)，它所引起的人類西尼羅熱或西尼羅腦炎，，是一種由蚊蟲傳播的自然疫源性疾病。WNV自1937年首次分離得到后，僅在非洲、西亞、中東等地區(qū)流行。上個世紀(jì)90年代以來，WNV流行區(qū)域擴(kuò)大，在人群中的爆發(fā)頻率上升。特別是1999年在美國紐約首次爆發(fā)的WNV感染，標(biāo)志該病毒擴(kuò)散到了西半球，并且迅速蔓延。自1999年至2005年美國共報告病例19450例，其中8261例表現(xiàn)為神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀；10702例為西尼羅熱；487例無特征性臨床癥狀：666例死亡。美國周邊的國家如加拿大、墨西哥、古巴、多米尼加共和國等也發(fā)生流行，成為嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康的疾病，并且伴隨著人群發(fā)病有非常高的鳥類的病死率。因此，WNV感染成為一個新的公共衛(wèi)生問題。據(jù)報道，能夠自然感染或?qū)嶒灨腥�、傳播WNV的蚊蟲媒介涉及庫蚊屬(Culex)、伊蚊屬(Aedes)、軻蚊屬(Coquillettidia)、按蚊屬(Anopheles)、騷擾蚊屬(Ochlerotatus)等11個屬的70多種蚊蟲。研究證明，不同地區(qū)的主要媒介蚊蟲各不相同；同一種蚊蟲不同的地理株對于WNV的易感性及傳播作用也有所不同。我國地域廣大，有大量的鳥類棲息地和候鳥越冬地，存在WNV隨候鳥進(jìn)入我國的途徑；國家間家禽、動物的貿(mào)易存在WNV自港口輸入的可能性；以往的血清學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)果表明有WNV存在的可能；并且，國外研究證實能夠感染和傳播WNV的蚊蟲種類在我國也有廣泛的分布，在一定程度上中國有發(fā)生WNV爆發(fā)的風(fēng)險。因此，急需對中國相關(guān)蚊蟲對WNV的易感性和傳播作用進(jìn)行研究，確定潛在媒介的種類，以便制定針對WNV潛在媒介的有效防控方案。 本研究以我國重要庫蚊屬蚊蟲：三帶喙庫蚊(Cx．tritaeniorhynchus)、兇小庫蚊(Cx．modestus)、淡色庫蚊(Cx．pipiens pallens)和致倦庫蚊(Cx．pipiens quinquefasciatus)為對象，在實驗室條件下，用含有WNV的人工感染血餐飼喂受試蚊蟲，通過細(xì)胞接種分離病毒、免疫熒光檢測病毒抗原和RT-PCR檢測病毒核酸等方法檢測蚊蟲體內(nèi)病毒，確定受試蚊蟲對WNV的易感性。進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行經(jīng)口傳播實驗，使感染實驗后飼養(yǎng)一定時間的蚊蟲刺叮易感動物來亨雞，檢測來亨雞是否被
[Abstract]:The Siniro virus (West Nile virus, WNV) belongs to the yellow virus (Flavivirus) family of the family yellow virus (Flavivirus). It causes human West Nile fever or West Nile encephalitis. It is a natural epidemic disease transmitted by mosquitoes,.WNV, which was first isolated in 1937, and is popular only in Africa, Western Asia and the Middle East. Since 90s last century, W NV epidemic areas are expanding and the frequency of outbreak in the population increases. Especially in 1999, the first outbreak of WNV infection in New York, United States, marked the spread of the virus to the Western Hemisphere and spread rapidly. From 1999 to 2005, 19450 cases were reported in the United States, of which 8261 were characterized by nervous system symptoms; 10702 cases were West Nile fever; 487 cases were no special. Clinical symptoms: 666 cases of death. The countries around the United States, such as Canada, Mexico, Cuba, and the Republic of Dominica, have also become popular and become a serious threat to human health and are accompanied by a very high mortality rate of very high birds. Therefore, WNV infection has become a new public health problem. It is reported to be able to do so. When infected or experimentally infected, the mosquito vectors that spread WNV involve the genus Culex (Culex), Aedes (Aedes), Coquillettidia, Anopheles (Anopheles), and harassing mosquitoes (Ochlerotatus) in 11 genera of more than 70 mosquitoes. Studies have shown that the main vectors in different regions are different; the same species of mosquitoes are different to WNV. The susceptibility and transmission function are also different. China has a vast territory, a large number of bird habitats and migratory birds overwintering, there is a way for WNV to enter our country with migratory birds; the trade of poultry and animals between countries exists in the possibility of WNV input from the port; the previous serological survey shows the possibility of the existence of WNV; and foreign research evidence The species of mosquitoes that can infect and spread WNV are also widely distributed in China. To some extent, there is a risk of outbreak of WNV in China. Therefore, it is urgent to study the susceptibility and transmission of the related mosquitoes to WNV in China, to determine the types of potential media, so as to formulate an effective prevention and control scheme for the potential media of WNV.
In this study, the mosquitoes of the genus Culex in China: three (Cx.tritaeniorhynchus), Culex Culex (Cx.modestus), Culex pipiens pallens (Cx.pipiens pallens) and Culex pipiens pipiens (Cx.pipiens)
Quinquefasciatus) under the condition of the laboratory, the tested mosquitoes were fed with the artificial infected blood meal containing WNV, the virus was inoculated by the cells, the immunofluorescence detection of virus antigen and the RT-PCR detection of virus nucleic acid were used to detect the virus in the mosquitoes, and the susceptibility of the tested mosquitoes to the WNV was determined. Further transoral transmission experiments were carried out. After feeding the experiment, the mosquitoes were injected for a certain period of time.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國人民解放軍軍事醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2006
【分類號】：R384

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