本文關(guān)鍵詞： “有聞必錄” 口號 興衰 新聞活動 中國新聞業(yè)　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：“有聞必錄”是橫貫晚清民國報界極具感召力的新聞口號,它自1870年代被《申報》引入報刊之后,便長期盤踞在新聞界的話語舞臺上,堪稱中國近現(xiàn)代報刊史上知名度最高的口號。然而,歷史上風(fēng)行一時的“有聞必錄”卻給今人留下了種種困惑:(1)該口號從何而來,它有著哪些具體內(nèi)涵,其發(fā)展演進宏觀歷程究竟是怎樣的?(2)對中國新聞界來說,這樣一個口號的存在,到底意味了什么,其在歷史語境中的必要性與合理性到底在哪里?(3)這樣一個在實踐操作中有悖常理的新聞?wù)J知,為何會在中國新聞界興起,又為何能夠有著綿延長久的生命力?循著“新文化史”的宏觀取向,借助歷史文獻、“話語”分析等研究辦法,本研究試圖從整體上勾勒“有聞必錄”口號的演進脈絡(luò)。本文之重心,就是要在具體的歷史語境中揭露該口號的興衰動因,進而回答上述幾點困惑。研究的主體內(nèi)容共六章,以時間為線索展開了敘述。前三章主要考察了 “有聞必錄”在報界出現(xiàn)、擴散與風(fēng)行的興起歷程,后三章則探討了該口號被質(zhì)疑、堅守乃至拋棄的衰退經(jīng)過。在興起階段,文章指出,“有聞必錄”的出現(xiàn)與《申報》的商業(yè)訴求密不可分,它形塑了新式報刊在新聞活動中的“有聞”優(yōu)勢;此種話語優(yōu)勢,在“史家記事”等古典文化傳統(tǒng)的闡釋影響下,逐步具備了正當(dāng)?shù)匚?被更多的報刊所接受;直到20世紀(jì)初期,在政府管控新聞界的背景下,“有聞必錄”成為了新聞人反抗“不錄”管控的“必錄”抗?fàn)幵捳Z,進而風(fēng)行了整個新聞行業(yè)。在衰退階段,研究認(rèn)為,“五四”時期知識精英站在西方新聞理念等思潮下的集體性反思首次強烈沖擊了該口號存在的正當(dāng)性基礎(chǔ),精英話語開始呼喚新的活動準(zhǔn)則;面對此景,新聞從業(yè)者雖開始了自我反思,卻也因政界的打壓與新聞活動的分化等現(xiàn)實因素的存在,始終對其不乏堅守;待到1940年代前后,在戰(zhàn)時的新聞動員與政黨新聞業(yè)的報業(yè)改造過程中,新聞活動漸漸形塑了新的行為規(guī)則,“有聞必錄”存在的合理性因素全然喪失,成為了一個在批判中被不斷言說的口號。在此基礎(chǔ)上,文章表示,“有聞必錄”應(yīng)當(dāng)被視為一個形塑中國新聞活動邊界的本土話語,有著獨特的歷史價值。該口號討論的“聞”與“錄”話題,觸及了新聞活動中關(guān)于信息采集與發(fā)布這一根本的邊界問題,其興衰歷程展現(xiàn)了中國新聞業(yè)對于“如何從事新聞工作”的自我思考。中國傳統(tǒng)文化元素與本土報業(yè)實踐語境的融入,使得這一頗具“地方感”的行業(yè)話語參與到了新聞活動的邊界塑造中,影響了中國新聞業(yè)的面貌呈現(xiàn)。此外,時人在歷史語境中對“聞”與“錄”關(guān)系命題的回答,將為我們重新審視當(dāng)下新聞活動及其邊界問題提供有益啟發(fā)。
[Abstract]:"there must be a record" is a very inspiring news slogan across the late Qing and Republic of China. Since it was introduced into newspapers in the 1870s, it has long been on the discourse stage of the press. It can be regarded as the most famous slogan in the history of Chinese modern newspapers and periodicals. However, the popular "you must record" in history has left people with all sorts of puzzles about where the slogan came from, and what specific connotations it has. What is the macroscopic course of its development and evolution? (2) what does the existence of such a slogan mean for the Chinese press, and where is its necessity and rationality in the historical context? (3) how can such a news cognition, which is contrary to common sense in practice, rise in the Chinese press, and why can it have a lasting vitality? Following the macro-orientation of "New Cultural History", with the help of historical documents, discourse analysis and other research methods, this study attempts to outline the overall evolution of the slogan "there must be recorded". That is, to expose the reasons for the rise and fall of the slogan in a specific historical context, and then to answer the above several puzzles. The main body of the study consists of six chapters. The first three chapters mainly examine the emergence, diffusion and popularity of "Youwen Bilu" in the press, while the latter three chapters discuss the decline in which the slogan has been questioned, adhered to and even abandoned. The article points out that the appearance of "Youwen Bilu" is closely related to the commercial demands of "declaration", which has shaped the "informed" advantage of new newspapers and periodicals in news activities, and this kind of discourse advantage. Influenced by the interpretation of classical cultural traditions, such as the chronicle of historians, it gradually assumed its rightful place and was accepted by more newspapers and periodicals until the beginning of 20th century. In the context of the government's control of the press, "you must record" has become a "must-record" protest discourse for journalists to resist "not recording" control, which has become popular throughout the news industry. During the recession, The study holds that the collective reflection of the intellectual elite during the May 4th Movement, standing under the thought of Western news ideas, strongly impacted the legitimacy of the slogan for the first time, and the elite discourse began to call for new norms of activity. Although journalists began to reflect on themselves, but also because of the political repression and the division of news activities and other practical factors, they have always adhered to it; until the 1940s or so, In the process of news mobilization in wartime and the reform of the newspaper industry of political parties, news activities gradually shaped new rules of conduct, and the reasonable factors of the existence of "you must record" were completely lost. On the basis of this, the article says, "have a story must be recorded" should be regarded as a local discourse that shaped the boundary of China's news activities. It has unique historical value. The topic of "news" and "record" discussed by the slogan touches on the fundamental boundary of information collection and distribution in news activities. The process of its rise and fall shows the self-reflection of Chinese journalism on how to engage in journalism, the integration of the elements of Chinese traditional culture and the practical context of local newspaper industry. This "local sense" industry discourse has been involved in the boundary shaping of news activities and affected the appearance of Chinese journalism. In addition, in the historical context, the answer to the relationship between "smell" and "record" is given. It will provide a useful inspiration for us to re-examine the current news activities and their boundaries.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：G219.29

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