【摘要】：加拿大作家卡羅爾·希爾茲于1935年出生于美國,在一個(gè)典型的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)家庭長大,后移居加拿大。她的作品包括三部短篇故事集、三本詩集、四部戲劇和近十本小說。這些作品令她獲得了加拿大總督文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)、全國書評(píng)界獎(jiǎng)、普利策文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)和奧林治文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)等眾多獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。最后一本小說《除非》于2002年出版,曾獲得布克獎(jiǎng)提名。它常被看作是一部帶有自傳性質(zhì)的作品,因此對(duì)研究希爾茲的女性主義觀點(diǎn)有著重要意義。但這部作品尚未在國內(nèi)引起足夠重視,相關(guān)的研究十分有限。小說的情節(jié)發(fā)展圍繞三代人露易絲、瑞塔和諾拉展開,這三個(gè)女性角色在不同程度上都遭受了失語。某些話題中和男性談話時(shí)的無權(quán)力狀態(tài)以及對(duì)女性的刻板印象暗示了父權(quán)文化下女性的從屬和被動(dòng)地位。本篇論文從女性主義文體學(xué)視角出發(fā),分析三位角色在諾拉出走后的不同變化,旨在揭示文本中存在的性別不平等現(xiàn)象,鼓勵(lì)女性勇于維護(hù)自己的話語權(quán),希望能為日后研究卡羅爾·希爾茲和她的作品提供些許參考。本篇論文由引言,三個(gè)章節(jié)和結(jié)語共五部分組成。引言部分展現(xiàn)了卡羅爾·希爾茲的成就和生平,以及對(duì)作者和作品,尤其是《除非》的已有研究。第一章介紹了論文中會(huì)用到的三種研究方法—及物性理論,話輪轉(zhuǎn)換理論和角色分析。這些方法有助于揭示人物間的權(quán)力關(guān)系,研究女性主義主題,如失語。第二章以角色分析為基礎(chǔ),研究失語的孤獨(dú)寡婦露易絲和溫順女兒諾拉。露易絲和諾拉都被父權(quán)文化下類似美德的道德準(zhǔn)則束縛。她們通過各種方法被教導(dǎo)要成為合格的妻子和母親,如書本、學(xué)校教育和社會(huì)傳統(tǒng)。意識(shí)到女性失語的事實(shí)后,她們選擇逃避現(xiàn)實(shí),變得比以往更加沉默。第三章基于三種方法討論瑞塔的失語狀態(tài)。通過對(duì)瑞塔失語的細(xì)致分析,本部分揭露了家庭內(nèi)部以及社會(huì)中根深蒂固的性別不平等現(xiàn)象。和露易絲及諾拉不同的是,瑞塔在男性壓迫下改變了自己的心理和行為,并最終鼓起勇氣做出了真正的抗?fàn)帯＝Y(jié)語部分主要講述了本次研究的一些發(fā)現(xiàn)。首先,這三個(gè)角色代表著遭受男性支配的兩種不同女性。其次,小說最后瑞塔的勇敢反抗,諾拉的回歸家庭和露易絲與施普林格的聊天暗示了希爾茲樂觀的女性主義觀點(diǎn):雖然性別不平等已滲入社會(huì)的各個(gè)角落,但是女性應(yīng)該勇于反抗男性壓迫,捍衛(wèi)自己的話語權(quán),付出終會(huì)有收獲。最后,本次研究也證明了從女性主義文體學(xué)視角研究女性失語的可行性。
[Abstract]:Canadian writer Carol Shields was born in the United States in 1935 and grew up in a typical middle-class family before moving to Canada. Her works include three short stories, three poems, four plays and nearly ten novels. She won the Canadian Governor's Prize for Literature, the National Book Review Award, the Pulitzer Prize for Literature and the Olympian Prize for Literature. The last novel, unless published in 2002, was nominated for the Booker Prize. It is often regarded as an autobiographical work, so it is of great significance to study Shields's feminist viewpoint. However, this work has not been paid enough attention in China, and the related research is very limited. The plot of the novel revolves around three generations of Louise, Rita and Nora, all of whom suffer from aphasia to varying degrees. The lack of power when talking to men in some topics and stereotypical impressions of women imply the subordinate and passive status of women in patriarchal culture. This paper, from the perspective of feminist stylistics, analyzes the different changes of the three roles after Nora's departure, in order to reveal the gender inequality existing in the text and encourage women to defend their right to speak. Hope to provide some reference for future study of Carol Shields and her works. This thesis consists of five parts: introduction, three chapters and conclusion. The introduction presents Carol Shields's achievements and life, as well as studies of authors and works, especially unless. The first chapter introduces the three research methods used in the thesis-transitivity theory, turn-over theory and role analysis. These methods help to reveal the power relationship between characters and study feminist themes, such as aphasia. In the second chapter, based on role analysis, Lois, a lonely widow with aphasia, and Nora, a docile daughter, are studied. Both Louise and Nora are bound by the moral code of similar virtues under the patriarchal culture. They are taught in various ways to be qualified wives and mothers, such as books, school education and social traditions. Aware of the fact that women are aphasic, they choose to escape from reality and become more silent than ever. The third chapter discusses Rita's aphasia based on three methods. Through a careful analysis of Rita's aphasia, this section reveals deep-rooted gender inequalities within the family and in society. Unlike Louise and Nora, Rita changed his mind and behavior under male oppression, and eventually mustered the courage to make a real fight. The conclusion mainly narrates some findings of this study. First, these three roles represent two different kinds of women who are subject to male domination. Second, Rita's brave resistance at the end of the novel, Nora's return to the family and Louise's chat with Springer suggest Shields's optimistic feminist view: although gender inequality has infiltrated into every corner of society, But women should stand up to male oppression and defend their right to speak. Finally, this study also proves the feasibility of studying female aphasia from the perspective of feminism stylistics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：I711.074

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